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During the intensification of research activities in the Southern Ocean in recent years, both at national levels and through international cooperation in such projects as BIOMASS with its FIBEX and SIBEX phases, the need was felt increasingly for closer collaboration between biologists, meteorologists, and oceanographers in the study of the interaction between the atmospheric forces, the water masses, and the living resources. Better knowledge in this regard is not only of scientific interest but also of practical importance, especially for the management of the resources and the protection of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. As a follow-up on a recommendation by the IOC Program Group for the Southern Oceans made in March 1983, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission organized a meeting of experts on oceanography related to the dynamics of the Antarctic ecosystems. During this meeting, held in Kiel, Federal Republic of Ger many, in May 1984, biologists and oceanographers involved in BIOMASS activities met with the oceanographers of SCOR Working Group 74 to discuss ways and means for additional physical and chemical observations in the oceanographic research within BIOMASS. It was the time when large fluctuations in the distribution of krill with subsequent detrimental effects on predator species dependent on krill had just been observed, and the question arose whether this was possibly the result of changes in the Antarctic water circulation.
This fascinating and readable account will appeal to all those interested in the Antarctic region in general.
Antarctica is a major geographical region of our world and an important part of the global ecosystem. Including a continent larger than Australia and an ocean broader than the Atlantic, it makes up one-eighth of the World's surface. Knowledge gained by early explorers and more recently by scientists is proving increasingly important in world affairs. No longer remote at the southern end of the Earth, Antarctica and the southern oceans have become centres of general, historic, scientific and political interest. The Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans contains over 1300 articles, compiled by a team of 26 international researchers, who have worked in the area. Topics covered include: History of discovery and exploration Geology, Glaciology and Climate Structure and ice cover of the Southern Ocean Biology of the ocean and continent Impacts of man, including conservation and political issues Islands of the southern oceans Articles are listed alphabetically and written in non-technical language. Many recommend further reading. Study guides help readers to follow learning paths through the Encyclopedia. This book is an up-to-date and authoritative reference on Antarctica and the southern oceans, essential for public libraries and reference sections of academic institutions, government departments and research centres. It is also of general use to any reader with an interest in Antarctica.
Research in Antarctica in the past two decades has fundamentally changed our perceptions of the southern continent. This volume describes typical terrestrial environments of the maritime and continental Antarctic. Life and chemical processes are restricted to small ranges of ambient temperature, availability of water and nutrients. This is reflected not only in life processes, but also in those of weathering and pedogenesis. The volume focuses on interactions between plants, animals and soils. It includes aspects of climate change, soil development and biology, as well as above- and below-ground results of interdisciplinary research projects combining data from botany, zoology, microbiology, pedology, and soil ecology.