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The Book Provides A Lucid And Step-By-Step Treatment Of The Various Principles And Methods For Solving Problems In Land Surveying. Each Chapter Starts With Basic Concepts And Definitions, Then Solution Of Typical Field Problems And Ends With Objective Type Questions.The Book Explains Errors In Survey Measurements And Their Propagation. Survey Measurements Are Detailed Next. These Include Horizontal And Vertical Distance, Slope, Elevation, Angle, And Direction. Measurement Using Stadia Tacheometry And Edm Are Then Highlighted, Fallowed By Various Types Of Levelling Problems. Traversing Is Then Explained, Followed By A Detailed Discussion On Adjustment Of Survey Observations And Then Triangulation And Trilateration.A Detailed Discussion On Various Types Of Curves And Their Setting Out Is Followed By Calculation Of Areas And Volumes. The Last Chapter Includes Point Location And Setting Out Works In Civil Engineering Projects. Suitable Illustrations And Worked Out Examples Are Included Throughout The Book. Selected Practice Problems Are Given At The End Of The Book.The Book Would Serve As An Excellent Text For Degree And Diploma Students Of Civil Engineering. Amie Candidates And Practicing Engineers Would Also Find This Book Extremely Useful.
The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) has been established by the Int- national Association of Geodesy (IAG) in order to integrate the three fundamental areas of geodesy, so as to monitor geodetic parameters and their temporal varia- ?9 tions, in a global reference frame with a target relative accuracy of 10 or b- ter. These areas, often called ‘pillars’, deal with the determination and evolution of (a) the Earth’s geometry (topography, bathymetry, ice surface, sea level), (b) the Earth’s rotation and orientation (polar motion, rotation rate, nutation, etc. ), and (c) the Earth’s gravity eld (gravity, geoid). Therefore, Earth Observation on a global scale is at the heart of GGOS’s activities, which contributes to Global Change - search through the monitoring, as well as the modeling, of dynamic Earth processes such as, for example, mass and angular momentum exchanges, mass transport and ocean circulation, and changes in sea, land and ice surfaces. To achieve such an - bitious goal, GGOS relies on an integrated network of current and future terrestrial, airborne and satellite systems and technologies. These include: various positioning, navigation, remote sensing and dedicated gravity and altimetry satellite missions; global ground networks of VLBI, SLR, DORIS, GNSS and absolute and relative gravity stations; and airborne gravity, mapping and remote sensing systems.