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La publicación El estado mundial de la pesca y la acuicultura tiene como finalidad proporcionar datos e información objetivos, fiables y actualizados para una amplia variedad de lectores: responsables de la formulación de políticas, gestores, científicos, partes interesadas y todas las personas relacionadas con el sector de la pesca y la acuicultura. Como siempre, el ámbito de aplicación es mundial y los temas pueden ser muchos y variados. En esta edición se utilizan las últimas estadísticas oficiales sobre la pesca y la acuicultura para presentar un análisis mundial de las tendencias de las poblaciones de peces y la producción, el procesado, la utilización, el comercio y el consumo de pescado. Asimismo, aporta información sobre la situación de las flotas pesqueras en el mundo y analiza la composición de los participantes en el sector. Han transcurrido 20 años desde la introducción del Código de Conducta para la Pesca Responsable y en la actualidad, con los Objetivos de las Naciones Unidas de Desarrollo Sostenible recién adoptados, el Acuerdo de París y las Directrices para la pesca a pequeña escala, se presta más atención que nunca a la gobernanza y las políticas. La presente edición abarca las novedades recientes relacionadas con la pesca y la acuicultura e informa, entre otras cuestiones, sobre “Common Oceans”, la iniciativa de la FAO sobre el crecimiento azul y los esfuerzos realizados para combatir la pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada. Asimismo, se analizan asuntos como la valoración de la pesca continental, la reducción de las capturas incidentales y la promoción del empleo decente. Otros temas destacados son la nutrición, las especies acuáticas exóticas invasoras, la pesca continental responsable, la resiliencia en la pesca y la acuicultura y la gobernanza de la tenencia y los derechos del usuario.
During the recent decades, social, political and academic endeavours have been made to improve environmental quality and reduce pollution. In particular, the ocean, sea and coastal areas show varying degrees of impact from the multiple human activities carried out in the terrestrial as well as in the aquatic environment. Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between organisms and the surrounding environment and in the modern era, the marine world is getting increasing attention. For centuries it has been the final reservoir of human garbage; later it became an oil farm with a concomitant increase of coastal population growth and unplanned growth of the fishing industry and the increasing use of sea routes for cargo transport and recreational uses (cruises). All this led to rising contamination with negative effects on biota and even human health. It is then imperative to know the current situation of the world's oceans: that is the main purpose of this book, to document at a glance the latest research in the field of ocean pollution.
The book presents a collection of large-scale network-modeling studies on coastal systems in Latin America. It includes a novel description of the functioning of coastal complex ecosystems and also predicts how natural and human-made disturbances percolate through the networks. Coastal areas belong to the most populated ecosystems around the globe, and are massively influenced by human impacts such as shipping, mining, fisheries, tourism, pollution and human settlements. Even though many of these activities have facilitated socio-economic development, they have also caused a significant deterioration in natural populations, communities and ecosystems worldwide. Covering coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America such as the NE and SE Pacific, NW Atlantic and Caribbean areas, it discusses the construction of quantitative (Ecopath-Ecosim-Ecospace and Centrality of Node Sets) and semi-quantitative (Loop Analysis) multispecies trophic-network models to describe and assess the impacts of natural and human interventions like pelagic and benthic fishing as well as natural events such as El Niño, and La Niña. The book also features steady state (and/or near moving equilibrium) and dynamical models to support the management of exploited organisms, and applies and quantifies macroscopic indices, based on Ascendency (Ulanowicz) and Local Stability (Levins ́ Loop Analysis). Further, it discusses the determination of the Keystone Species Complex Index, which is a holistic extension of the classical concept of Keystone Species (Paine), offering novel strategies for conservation monitoring and management.
This book discusses the technologies and models of salmon aquaculture. It examines the use of probiotics, the application of recirculation systems, and the addition of high-strength materials in salmon aquaculture. It also discusses the problems hindering the development of salmon aquaculture and proposes potential solutions.
This is the ninth volume of ten in the The Natural History of the Crustacea Series. The chapters in this volume synthesize the diverse topics in fisheries and aquaculture. In the first part of the book, chapters explore worldwide crustacean fisheries. This section comes to a conclusion with two chapters on harvested crustaceans that are usually not within the focus of the mainstream fisheries research, possibly because they are caught by local fishing communities in small-scale operations and sold locally as subsistence activity. In the second part of the book, the authors explore the variety of cultured crustacean species, like shrimps, prawns, lobsters, and crabs. Chapters in the third part of the volume focus on important challenges and opportunities, including diseases and parasitism, the use of crustacean as bioindicators, and their role in biotechnology.
BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS Biodegradable materials have ascended in importance in recent years and this book comprehensively discusses all facets and applications in 29 chapters making it a one-stop shop. Biodegradable materials have today become more compulsory because of increased environmental concerns and the growing demand for polymeric and plastic materials. Despite our sincere efforts to recycle used plastic materials, they ultimately tend to enter the oceans, which has led to grave pollution. It is necessary, therefore, to ensure that these wastes do not produce any hazards in the future. This has made an urgency to replace the synthetic material with green material in almost all possible areas of application. Biodegradable Materials and Their Applications covers a wide range of subjects and approaches, starting with an introduction to biodegradable material applications. Chapters focus on the development of various types of biodegradable materials with their applications in electronics, medicine, packaging, thermoelectric generations, protective equipment, films/coatings, 3D printing, disposable bioplastics, agriculture, and other commercial sectors. In biomedical applications, their use in the advancement of therapeutic devices like temporary implants, tissue engineering, and drug delivery vehicles are summarized. Audience Materials scientists, environmental and sustainability engineers, and any other researchers and graduate students associated with biodegradable materials.
The FAO Yearbook of fisheries and aquaculture statistics is a compilation of statistical data on capture fisheries and aquaculture production, employment, commodities production and trade, apparent fish consumption and fishing fleets. It is structured into a booklet (containing summary tables, notes on major trends, concepts, classifications and a map of FAO major fishing areas) and a USB card presenting the full yearbook package with all the key information and the complete set of statistical tables.
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. Misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, food, and agriculture has compounded the situation. Bacterial infections have returned decades after medicines were first used. This book discusses antibiotic resistance and some of the organisms that pose immediate, serious, and alarming dangers. It highlights the need for a broader, more comprehensive approach to fighting bacterial infections, which may involve non-compound techniques (other than standard antibacterial drugs) that target bacteria or the host, such as antibodies, probiotics, phytobiotics, and vaccinations.