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TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 14: The Role of Safety Culture in Preventing Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes explores practices on developing and enhancing a culture of safety among commercial motor vehicle drivers. The report also examines suggested steps for increasing a safety culture through a series of best practices.
The use of large trucks has steadily increased since the passage of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act to the point where they now account for over 50% of vehicle traffic on some highways in Virginia. Projections now forecast that large-truck travel will grow at twice the rate of personal vehicle travel in the near future. Although several studies have been conducted to determine the effects of large trucks on safety on multilane primary and interstate highway systems, the effects on two-lane secondary roads have been largely ignored. This study identified the causal factors and predominant types of large-truck crashes on two-lane secondary roads in Virginia and compared the large-truck crash rates for two-lane secondary roads and two-lane primary roads. The study also identified advanced technologies associated with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that can be used to minimize the causal factors of large-truck crashes on these roads. The results showed that large-truck crash rates are significantly higher on two-lane secondary roads than on two-lane primary roads, with the predominant types of crashes being angle, rear end, sideswipe same direction, and sideswipe opposite direction. The study identified several ITS technologies that can be used to mitigate the predominant causal factors and recommends a pilot study to test the effectiveness of one such system.
About 4,000 people are killed each year in truck crashes and nearly 100,000 are injured each year. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), truck crash injuries increased by 40 percent from 2009 to 2012. There have been a lot of headlines lately; Tracy Morgan, the comedian, was seriously injured in a crash in early June involving a large truck, which also severely injured a Connecticut resident. Rule changes in 2013 were designed to prevent truck drivers from being forced to work too many hours, becoming exhausted and endangering themselves and other drivers on the road. They are a step in the right direction. As one 2005 study conducted by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) demonstrated, under the old rules, 65 percent of drivers reported feeling drowsy while driving, and 48 percent admitted to falling asleep while driving at the same point during the previous year.