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This publication examines a variety of cases that demonstrate the aesthetic quality of transportation projects. These range from the relatively inexpensive painted "Gus Bus" in Grand Rapids to the large-scale project of designing the Montreal Metro. The purpose is to develop a fresh perspective on ways the visual appeal of transportation can be identified as a distinct element for consideration, and on the degree to which quality design contributes to the economics and function of transportation systems. A second purpose is to develop guidance and examples to assist transportation planners and citizens in dealing with these issues. The projects presented represent a wide range of costs and circumstances encountered in transportation planning. The study shows that the aesthetic benefits provided by quality materials, sensitive design, careful maintenance, and appropriate inclusion of works of art translate directly into increased patronage, cost efficiencies, and a better public environment.
Once a thriving metropolis on the banks of the Mississippi, St. Louis, Missouri, is now a ghostly landscape of vacant houses, boarded-up storefronts, and abandoned factories. The Gateway City is, by any measure, one of the most depopulated, deindustrialized, and deeply segregated examples of American urban decay. "Not a typical city," as one observer noted in the late 1970s, "but, like a Eugene O'Neill play, it shows a general condition in a stark and dramatic form." Mapping Decline examines the causes and consequences of St. Louis's urban crisis. It traces the complicity of private real estate restrictions, local planning and zoning, and federal housing policies in the "white flight" of people and wealth from the central city. And it traces the inadequacy—and often sheer folly—of a generation of urban renewal, in which even programs and resources aimed at eradicating blight in the city ended up encouraging flight to the suburbs. The urban crisis, as this study of St. Louis makes clear, is not just a consequence of economic and demographic change; it is also the most profound political failure of our recent history. Mapping Decline is the first history of a modern American city to combine extensive local archival research with the latest geographic information system (GIS) digital mapping techniques. More than 75 full-color maps—rendered from census data, archival sources, case law, and local planning and property records—illustrate, in often stark and dramatic ways, the still-unfolding political history of our neglected cities.