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One of the most modern features of the French Revolution was its intention of shaping a new kind of citizen by exposing him from childhood to inspirational messages and behavioral models. In this effort to regenerate the masses the French Revolutionaries sought to employ not only schools, but newspapers, festivals, dramas, poems, songs, paintings, statues, and engravings as well. At the peak of the Terror, French leaders brough tthe West to the threshold of the totalitarian state in the fullest sense of the world: they established a single party state, directed a regimented economy, created a mass army, and sought to mobilize all the media capable of influencing the human mind. In was an interest in both art and the Revolution which led Professor Leith to explore the groth of the idea of using art as one instrument of propaganda. The idea proved to have deep roots in western civilization, going back to classical thinkers, medieval churchmen, and the art officials of such monarchs as Louis XIV. But following the hedonistic rococo art of the first half of the eighteenth century, this idea of didactic art took on a new lease of life, reaching a crescendo during the Terror. This book analyses the contribution of the philosophes, the Encyclopedists, royal officials, art critics, and revolutionary leaders to the resurgence of the idea; it also probes the peculiar psychological assumptions which led eighteeneth-century thinkers to believe in the efficacy of visual propaganda. The outcome of this idea of art as an ideological weapon was involved in the fate of the Revolution itself, yet it was also affected by certain curious tensions already evident in the minds of its advocates under the Old Régime. Lingering interest in purely aesthetic values,k affirmation of the need for creative freedom, and determination to maintain French cultural hegemony, all complicated the effort to turn art into a vehicle of civic instruction. The final chapter examines the rôle of these tensions in the dénouement of the idea in the closing phase of the Revolution. This book should appeal not only to those interested in French civilization, the age of Enlightment, and they French Revolution, but to those concerned with the rôle of art and the artist in modern society as well.
In this superb volume in Oxford's acclaimed Pivotal Moments series, Colin Calloway reveals how the Treaty of Paris of 1763 had a profound effect on American history, setting in motion a cascade of unexpected consequences, as Indians and Europeans, settlers and frontiersmen, all struggled to adapt to new boundaries, new alignments, and new relationships. Most Americans know the significance of the Declaration of Independence or the Emancipation Proclamation, but not the Treaty of Paris. Yet 1763 was a year that shaped our history just as decisively as 1776 or 1862. This captivating book shows why.
NEW JERSEY ENCYCLOPEDIA is the definitive reference work on New Jersey ever published. The noted New Jersey historian Chad E. Leinaweaver, Director of the Library and Museum Collection for the New Jersey Historical Society, has written articles on Introduction to New Jersey History, Early History of New Jersey, and New Jersey History. These articles cover the history of New Jersey, from the early explorers to twenty-first century events. Other major sections in this reference work are New Jersey Symbols and Designations, Geography and Topography of New Jersey, Profiles of New Jersey Governors, Chronology of New Jersey Historic Events, Dictionary of New Jersey Places, New Jersey Constitution, Bibliography of New Jersey Books, Pictorial Scenes of New Jersey, State Executive Offices, State Agencies, Departments and Offices, New Jersey Senators, New Jersey Assembly Members, U.S. Senators and U.S. Congress members from New Jersey, Directory of New Jersey Historic Places and Index.NEW JERSEY ENCYCLOPEDIA contains stunning photographs and portraits to compliment the expertly written text. Population charts are arranged alphabetically by city or town name, and by county. This allows students easy access to find population figures for their area of interest. Other population charts list all places in New Jersey by largest populated places to least populated places by city or county. Directories contain the information on elected state and federal officials along with their contact information including mail and email addresses, phone and fax numbers. Easy to use reference maps are included to find your elected state or federal officials. The Directory of State Services lists the head officials and full contact information on state agencies and departments, some of which were just newly created by the legislature. The Directory of New Jersey Historic Places contains all the latest up to date information on every New Jersey historic place. The Bibliography includes that latest books published on New Jersey. A detailed Index makes the work thoroughly referential. NEW JERSEY ENCYCLCOPEDIA offers librarians, teachers and students a single source reference work that provides the answers to the most frequently asked questions about New Jersey and its history.
This book crosses the chronological boundary of 1789 to bring the histories of the Old Regime, Revolution, Empire, and Restoration together.
For the statement above quoted, also for full bibliographical information regarding this publication, and for the contents of the volumes [1st ser.] v. 1- 7th series, v. 5, cf. Griffin, Bibl. of Amer. hist. society. 2d edition, 1907, p. 346-360.
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORIC PLACES DICTIONARY contains all the latest listings on all the recognized Historic Places in Massachusetts. The entries in the reference work were obtained from the official list of the National Register of Historic Places in Washington DC. The National Register of Historic Places is a government program designed to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate and protect historic and archeological properties. The properties include historic - districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, engineering and culture.MASSACHUSETTS HISTORIC PLACES DICTIONARY is arranged alphabetically by county name. The county arrangement allows patrons to find many historic places by where they live and/or counties they want to research in Massachusetts. The easy to use Place Index lists the towns and cities alphabetically to find any historic place by town or city. Another useful reference tool is the Historic Site Index makes it easy to search for any Historic Site in Massachusetts alphabetically by the name of the Historic Site. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORIC PLACES DICTIONARY contains photographs that add visual quality to the text.
A 1 volume set that contains detailed information on the historic places in the state of Connecticut. The listings in the reference work were obtained from the official list of the National Register of Historic Places in Washington DC. The National Register of Historic Places is a government program designed to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate and protect historic and archeological properties. The properties include historic districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that are significant to American history, architecture, engineering and culture. The entries are arranged alphabetically within each county. This allows the user to find historic places by locations in Connecticut. Photographs are also included in this set. The Publisher used the nomination form of the Historic Place entry that describes the work in great detail. The detailed historic information is not published in the National Register and is what makes this publication the definitive reference work on the Historic Places in the state of Connecticut.
Grammaticalization is an important concept in general and typological linguistics and a prominent type of explanation in historical linguistics. For historical corpus linguists, grammaticalization theory provides a frame of orientation in their effort to analyze and systematize a fast-accumulating mass of data. Students of grammaticalization have become increasingly aware of the potential of existing corpora and established corpus-linguistic methodology for their work. This book continues and develops the dialogue between the two fields. All the contributions are based on extensive use of various electronic corpora. Relating corpus practices to recent theoretical concerns of grammaticalization studies they deal with grammaticalization and historical sociolinguistics, lexicalization and grammaticalization, layering, frequency, grammaticalization and dialects, degrammaticalization and grammaticalization in a contrastive perspective. The papers show that a synthesis of corpus methodology and grammaticalization studies leads to new and interesting insights about the mechanisms of language change and the communicative functions of language.
The analysis of constructions denoting possession (particularly, but not exclusively, in English) has long presented a challenge to morpho-syntactic theory and has been a topic of debate for some time. The papers presented here afford thought-provoking insights into the morphosyntactic nature of possessive markers under a variety of theoretical frameworks. The distribution of phrases expressing possession is explored in a range of languages (including English, Swedish, Urdu and West Flemish), with rigorous exploitation of corpus data and careful statistical analysis. Descriptions and analyses represent the state of the art in research into possessive constructions. Particular attention is paid to the English possessive 's, both synchronically and diachronically. This volume is essential for scholars interested in theoretical and corpus-based linguistics, morphosyntactic constructions, and the expression of possession.