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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1920 edition. Excerpt: ... LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS By ANDREW WRIGHT CRAWFORD Field Secretary of the American Civic Association We have today two cases of capital importance upon which zoning rests: these are Welch vs. Swasey, 214 U. S. 91, and Hadacheck vs. Los Angeles, 239 U. S. 395. The former sustained the creation of districts with two different height regulations in Boston, with two intermediate zones; and the latter sustained the creation of a residential district in Los Angeles, with the exclusion of industries therefrom, non-conforming industries being given one year to get out, without any compensation, the industry of brick-making being the particular industry involved in the case. This latter type of so-called retroactive zoning is not advisable, except in extreme cases. The better practice is to make the ordinance apply to new building permits only, as was done in New York City, St. Louis, and elsewhere. A third important case is that of Cusack vs. Chicago, 242 U. S. 526, where the Supreme Court of the United States sustained an ordinance of Chicago forbidding the erection of billboards in residential districts. Therefore, in this matter of zoning, go slow. Don't be "pernickety." Don't make any more numerous subdivisions nor more stringent ones, than are urgently required. Let your classifications be broad and few, your restrictions reasonable, simple, and easily understood. Head off only plainly vicious tendencies. Keep your eyes on the stars, but remember that your feet are on the ground and that a good many judges sit on the ground and are proud of it. On the other hand, do not be afraid to pioneer, with good sound advice as to the directions in which to pioneer. Advance slowly, but advance. AN ENABLING ACT In seeking legislation by the state...
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Zoning As An Element In City Planning, And For Protection Of Property Values, Public Safety, And Public Health Lawson Purdy, Harland Bartholomew, Edward Murray Bassett, Andrew Wright Crawford, Herbert S. Swan American Civic Association, 1920 City planning
Why are American cities, suburbs, and towns so distinct? Compared to European cities, those in the United States are characterized by lower densities and greater distances; neat, geometric layouts; an abundance of green space; a greater level of social segregation reflected in space; and—perhaps most noticeably—a greater share of individual, single-family detached housing. In Zoned in the USA, Sonia A. Hirt argues that zoning laws are among the important but understudied reasons for the cross-continental differences.Hirt shows that rather than being imported from Europe, U.S. municipal zoning law was in fact an institution that quickly developed its own, distinctly American profile. A distinct spatial culture of individualism—founded on an ideal of separate, single-family residences apart from the dirt and turmoil of industrial and agricultural production—has driven much of municipal regulation, defined land-use, and, ultimately, shaped American life. Hirt explores municipal zoning from a comparative and international perspective, drawing on archival resources and contemporary land-use laws from England, Germany, France, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Japan to challenge assumptions about American cities and the laws that guide them.