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Together with the Minster, the walls and bars make York one of the most instantly recognisable cities in the kingdom. The defenses are the most complete in England, with the walls set upon high ramparts and retaining their principal gateways. Although the walls are still standing, there has been relatively little opportunity for archaeological investigation, so documentary and pictorial evidence are of paramount importance. York is fortunate in possessing excellent collections of both. The book outlines the historical background from the pre-Conquest defenses to the present day and considers the walls, bars and posterns, the Old Baile and the castle in detail. It is a splendid and well-illustrated publication that will appeal to anyone interested in the history of York, military history, art, architecture or archaeology.
York was one of the most important cities in medieval England. This original study traces the development of the city from the Norman Conquest to the Black Death. The twelfth and thirteenth centuries are a neglected period in the history of English towns, and this study argues that the period was absolutely fundamental to the development of urban society and that up to now we have misunderstood the reasons for the development of York and its significance within our history because of that neglect. Medieval York argues that the first Norman kings attempted to turn the city into a true northern capital of their new kingdom and had a much more significant impact on the development of the city than has previously been realised. Nevertheless the influence of York Minster, within whose shadow the town had originally developed, remained strong and was instrumental in the emergence of a strong and literate civic communal government in the later twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Many of the earlier Norman initiatives withered as the citizens developed their own institutions of government and social welfare. The primary sources used are records of property ownership and administration, especially charters, and combines these with archaeological evidence from the last thirty years. Much of the emphasis of the book is therefore on the topographical development of the city and the changing social and economic structures associated with property ownership and occupation.