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Professor GOSTA KARPE GOSTA KARPE was born in Vadstena, Sweden, 1908. His medical education started in 1927 at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm During his study he worked parttime in the department of physiology. KARPE served as a resident in the ophthalmological department of Serafiner lasarettet from 1937 till 1941. That year, the university eye clinic was transferred to the newly built Karolinska Sjukhuset, where KARPE became assistant-head of the out-patient department, and lecturer in ophthalmology. In 1949 he was appoin ted professor in ophthalmology at the Karolinska Institute and head of the department of ophthalmology at Karolinska Sjukhuset. KARPE received his doctor degree in 1945 upon completion of his thesis: 'The basis of clinical electroretinography'. This original work opened up a completely new field of clinical investigation. Soon Swedish and foreign pupils flocked into his department to study his new method, a technique at present accepted as an indispensable tool in ophthalmic practice. Since 1945 his work as well as that of his pupils have been devoted mainly to this field of research.
Two groups of volunteers having no eye disease were examined electro-oculo graphically twice at ten minute intervals. One group smoked in the break, one didn't. In the non-smoking group there are a number of significant correlations between the tested parameters in the dark-period and in the light-period, which could not be found to the same degree in the smoking group. The fact that there were differences between the two groups-even though not interpretable systematicaIly-suggests, that smoking influences physiological processes in the EOG. In the second period of the test, a parallelism in the course of EOG and EEG was observed, the EEG-changes, however, are interpreted more psychologically than pharmacologicaIly. REFERENCES HAASE, E. & MUELLER, W. Meßbare Beeinflussung des EOG durch Zigarettenrauchen1 Klin. Mbl. Augenhk. Bd. 158:677 (1971). HAGER, H. Thrombangiitis obliterans und Auge. Klin. Mbl. Augenhk. Bd. 114:238 (1949). HAUSER, H., SCHWARZE, B.E., ROTH, G. & BICKFORD, R.G. Electroencephalographic changes related to smoking. EEG clin. Neurophysiol. Vol. 10:576P (1958). HEIMBÖCK. Wien. klin. Wschr. Bd. 73:529 (1961). HOLLWICH, F., JÜNEMANN, G. & DAMASKE, E. Auge. In: Nikotin. Edited by Schievelbein. H. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart (1968). HOMER, L.D. & KOLDER, H. Mathematical model of oscillations in human corneo-retinal potential. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 287 :197 (1966). KOLDER H. Spontane und experimentelle Änderungen des Bestandpotentials des menschlichen Auges. P{lügerrs Arch. ges. Physiol. 268:258 (1959). KOLDER, H.E. & HOCHGESAND, P. Empirical Model of Electro-Oculogram. Doc. Ophtha!. (1972) in press.
Strychnine and picrotoxin were tested as possible antagonists of two puta tive inhibitory transmitters in the retina: taurine and GABA, Strychnine was shown to antagonize the depressive action of taurine on the ERG b-wave, but it did not affect the depressive action of GABA. Conversely, picrotoxin had no effect on the depressive action of taurine on the ERG b-wave, but it antagonizes to some extent the depressive effect of GABA. These data, as well as those obtained through recording tectal evoked responses, lead to the conclusion that taurine and GABA do not act in the same way in retinal inhibitory synaptic transmission. REFERENCES CURTIS, D.R., AW. DUGGAN & G.A.R. JOflNSTON. Glycine, strychnine, picro toxine and spinal inhibition. Brain Res. 14, 759-762 (1969). CURTIS, D.R., L. HOSLI & G. AR. JOHNSTON. A pharmacological study of the depression of spinal neurones by glycine and related aminoacids. Exp. Brain Res. 6, 1-18 (1968 a). CURTIS, D.R., L. HOSLI, G.A.R. JOHNSTON & LH. JOHNSTON. The hyperpolariza tion of spinal motoneurones by glycine and related aminoacids. Exp. Brain Res. 5, 235-258 (1968 b). CURTIS, D.R. & A.K. TEBECIS. Bicuculline and thalamic inhibition. Exp. Brain Res. 16,210-218 (1972). DA VIDSON, N. & H. REISINE. Presynaptic inhibition in cuneate blocked by GABA antagonists. Nature New Biology 234,223-224 (1971).
The long-awaited second edition of an authoritative reference on electrophysiologic vision testing, including detailed information on techniques and problems, basic physiology and anatomy, theoretical concepts, and clinical findings; with extensive new material. This authoritative text is the only comprehensive reference available on electrophysiologic vision testing, offering both practical information on techniques and problems as well as basic physiology and anatomy, theoretical concepts, and clinical correlations. The second edition, of the widely used text, offers extensive new material and updated information: 65 of the 84 chapters are completely new, with the changes reflecting recent advances in the field. The book will continue to be an essential resource for practitioners and scholars from a range of disciplines within vision science. The contributions not only cover new information—important material that is likely to become more important in the next decade—but also offer a long-range perspective on the field and its remarkable development in the last century. After discussing the history and background of clinical electrophysiology, the book introduces the anatomy of the retina and principles of cell biology in the visual pathways at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. It relates these new findings to the techniques and interpretations of clinical tests, including the electro-oculogram (EOG), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP), which are discussed in detail, as are equipment, data acquisition and analysis, principles and protocols for clinical testing, diseases and dysfunction, and animal testing. Notable additions for this edition include chapters on the origin of electroretinogram waveforms, multifocal techniques, testing in standard laboratory animals, recent advances in analysis of abnormalities in disease, and the applications of these techniques to the study of genetic abnormalities.
Investigators and clinicians researching and applying electrophysiologic phenomena of the eye, met for the XXth Symposium of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision in Iowa City, Iowa, under the auspices of the University of Iowa and supported by the Department of Ophthalmology, headed by Professor Frederick C. Blodi. Two main topics were discussed: I) Electro-oculography and other slow potentials: the phenomenon, origin, analysis, and clinical diagnosis, and 2) Microprocessor applications for computer-assisted recording and analysis of electro visual phenomena. Unusual and challenging diagnostic problems were presented during one evening session. The interest and lively audience participation indicated a need for such an unrehearsed debate. Drs. H.W. Skalka, H. Nakano, H.S. Thompson, A.J. Packer, J.A. Parker, H.E. Kolder, V.M. Hermsen, M.L. Wolf, and Mr. A.1. Mallinson presented case reports and are herewith recognized for their contribution. No documentation is contained in the Proceedings. Several papers were read outside the main topics. Some material appears only as abstract. The highlight of the scientific program proved to be an improvised session on basic mechanisms of slow potentials from the eye. Dr. R.H. Steinberg and his collaborators, together with Dr. G. Niemeyer initiated this part of the program. It was enthusiastically received, provided an informal atmosphere, stimulated a lively discussion and exchanged pro found information. A novel feature of this volume is the addition of a cumulative index covering the Proceedings from the last ten ISCERG-ISCEV Symposia. Dr.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Proceedings of the 18th ISCEV Symposium, held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, May 18-22 1980
Proceedings of the 19th ISCEV Symposium, Horgen-Zürich, Switzerland, June 1-5, 1981
AUGUST F. DEUTMAN, M.D. From October 16-18, 197 5 many distinguished ophthalmologists visited Nijmegen to inaugurate the new Eye Institute of the University of Nijmegen with a symposium on New Developments in Ophthalmology. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Netherlandish Ophthalmological Society (NOG) and had a high attendance of over 300 ophthalmologists from The Netherlands and from abroad. Many new and some controversial surgical techniques regarding corneal transplantation, phako-emulsification, intra-ocular lensimplantation, local excision of melanomas of the choroid and ciliary body, pars plana vitrec tomy, laser treatment in disciform macular degeneration and treatment of giant retinal tears were discussed. Since new surgical techniques have to be based on profound knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, many new basic and important data regarding the cornea, the vitreous body, the retinal vessels, the choroid and the orbit were presented by some of the foremost authorities. Technical advances in corneal transplantation were discussed, while the modern treatment of corneal ulcers and bacterial infections of the eye was presented. New findings such as computerized tomography, facilitate the diagnosis of underlying disease in exophthalmus enormously. The treatment of retinal detachment has improved considerably over the last ten years and we feel that in particular the safe non-drainage methods deserve attention. Cryo coagulation and photocoagulation have certain advances over diathermy and the radial placement of indenting suprascleral material may have consider able advantages over the limbus-parallel placement in horseshoe tears.
XIVth ISCERG Symposium, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 10-14 May, 1976