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From the perspective of village activists across China, this book tells the stories of farmers and rural laborers who raised the banner of opposition to constitutional reform during the first decade of the twentieth century. The author brings to life the stories of the Camel King of Zunhua county, Qu Shiwen and the Four Mountains of Laiyang county, and many others who criticized government modernization efforts, known collectively as the New Policy. Using county archives—-including oral histories—-as well as memoirs, periodical literature, missionary records, and official documents both Chinese and foreign, Of Camel Kings and Other Things constructs, from fragmented sources, a coherent historical view vital to our understanding of China's twentieth-century crises and the dilemmas of modernity itself.
"My Journey to the West was inspired by my father, uncles and grandfather’s ventures to the Gold Mountain at a very young age. I had already made up my mind that I would follow their paths and embark on this adventurous journey when I grew up and searched for my own fortune." ——Brian Wong 黄荣富 From a small village to the west. From a fish pond to Hong Kong. Across the ocean to the port city of Liverpool... The story of searching for Gold Mountain started with a little boy, Brian Wong, who was living in Kaiping City, a small village in China. Brian Wong knew that one day he would embark on this perilous journey—language difficulties, prejudice—but owing to his endurance and hardworking spirit, he overcame. Follow the steps of his ancestors to achieve his dream of a golden mountain. It is a story about Brian Wong and all the overseas Chinese. See how they built Chinese culture in a foreign land with the Chinese spirit. Over 200 years ago the Wuyi people (Note 1) consisted of five counties: Jiangmen (Xin Hui), Kaiping (my county), Tai Shan, Enping and He Shan, many of them went overseas in search of fame and fortune. They went to San Francisco and later Barkerville, Canada in search of fortune which actually they worked as coolies in laundries or chefs or grocery keepers. Like my grandfather, he left his wife and the extended families behind and embarked on such treacherous journeys, facing racial discrimination, language barriers, harsh and dangerous working conditions. Some of them returned home in triumph. They became financially rich and spent huge sums of money to build the famous ‘Diaolou’ (under the World Heritage Conservation-a fusion of west and east architectural designed mansion called Diaolou) in Wuyi County, Guangdong Province, China. In the 17th century, most of the Chinese went to the West because of the weakness of China, which was still under imperial rule, and was plagued by wars, occupations by great powers, Japanese invasions, famines, floods, and warlordism. Domestically, it was faced with rebellions, Opium Wars and banditry, especially in rural areas. These were the turbulent times in Wuyi County, with many Wuyi people went to Southeast Asia and lost their lives in rubber plantations due to harsh working conditions. My journey will highlight our Wuyi people’s spirit and perseverance across the globe, where the ‘see Yap Dialect’ still exists and is widely spoken in San Francisco today. Features It records the struggle of overseas Chinese, who traveled around the west and developed Chinese culture in a foreign country.
Chinese Colonial Entanglements takes a new geographical approach to understanding the Chinese diaspora, shining a light on Chinese engagement in labor, trade, and industry in the British colonies of the southern Asia Pacific. Starting from the 1880s, a decade when British colonization was rapidly expanding and establishing new industries and townships, this volume covers the period up to 1950, including the 1930s when economic competition saw new racialized immigration restrictions, and the 1940s when Chinese traders found new opportunities. The editors, Julia T. Martínez, Claire Lowrie, and Gregor Benton, bring together nine historians of Chinese diaspora in an effort to break down the boundaries of traditional area studies. Collectively, the chapters offer fresh comparative and transnational perspectives on economic entanglements across a region bounded by the Malay archipelago, Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the western Pacific. Histories of white settler colonies such as Australia have tended to view Chinese diasporic experiences through the lens of exclusionary politics and closed borders. This book challenges such interpretations, bringing to the fore Chinese economic endeavors that connected Australia with Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The volume begins with an introduction that makes the case for a regional approach to Chinese diaspora history. This is followed by chapters on colonial commodity production where Chinese traders and workers were central to the development of colonial banana, phosphate, and furniture industries. These industries reflect the diversity of Chinese roles, from small business owners to indentured workers for British colonial enterprise. The book then explores the economic activities of Chinese business elite from revenue farming to intercolonial trading and rural retail. It points to colonial restrictions on business development and explains how Chinese enterprises sought to overcome restrictions through relationships with colonial leaders and by mobilizing Chinese family and transnational business networks in case studies from British North Borneo, Australia, and Samoa. Relying on diverse sources, including archival correspondence, Chinese-language newspapers, personal letters and oral histories, the authors reveal the importance of social, familial, and political connections in shaping the relationships between the colonial authorities and Chinese workers and traders.
For more than two decades Australia has not only prospered without a recession but has achieved a higher growth rate than any Western country. This achievement has been credited to Australia's historic shift to Asia; the transformation of the relationship between these two countries is one of the most important changes in the Asia-Pacific region. However, the role of new Chinese migrants in transforming Sino-Australian relations through their entrepreneurial activities has not been deeply explored. Chinese Migrant Entrepreneurship in Australia from the 1990s adds new theoretical considerations and empirical evidence to a growing interest in entrepreneurship, and presents an account of a group of new Chinese migrant entrepreneurs who have succeeded in their business ventures significantly contributing to both Australia and China. The first chapter introduces the history between Australia and China, followed by chapters focusing on post-migration realities, economic opportunities, Chinese outbound tourism and the use of community media. The final chapter concludes with a summary. - Focuses on the people whose entrepreneurial activities have spread across industries and facilitated trade and cultural contacts - Analyses the experiences of the new migrants from China - Offers evidence that challenges outdated but still widely held assumptions about ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs - Presents longitudinal research on the new Chinese migrant community in Australia since the late 1980's - Demonstrates a dynamic process that challenges the overemphasis on the impact of globalisation on Chinese entrepreneurs
In this book, distinguished historian Philip A. Kuhn tells the remarkable five-century story of Chinese emigration as an integral part of China's modern history. Although emigration has a much longer past, its "modern" phase dates from the sixteenth century, when European colonialists began to collaborate with Chinese emigrants to develop a worldwide trading system. The author explores both internal and external migration, complementary parts of a far-reaching process of adaptation that enabled Chinese families to deal with their changing social environments. Skills and institutions developed in the course of internal migration were creatively modified to serve the needs of emigrants in foreign lands. As emigrants, Chinese inevitably found themselves "among others." The various human ecologies in which they lived have faced Chinese settlers with a diversity of challenges and opportunities in the colonial and postcolonial states of Southeast Asia, in the settler societies of the Americas and Australasia, and in Europe. Kuhn traces their experiences worldwide alongside those of the "others" among whom they settled: the colonial elites, indigenous peoples, and rival immigrant groups that have profited from their Chinese minorities but also have envied, feared, and sometimes persecuted them. A rich selection of primary sources allows these protagonists a personal voice to express their hopes, sorrows, and worldviews. The post-Mao era offers emigrants new opportunities to leverage their expatriate status to do business with a Chinese nation eager for their investments, donations, and technologies. The resulting "new migration," the author argues, is but the latest phase of a centuries-old process by which Chinese have sought livelihoods away from home.
Classical-style poetry in modern China and other Sinitic-speaking localities is attracting greater attention with the recent upsurge in academic revision of modern Chinese literary history. Using the concept of cultural transplantation, this monograph attempts to illustrate the uniqueness, compatibility, and adaptability of classical Chinese poetry in colonial Singapore as well as its sustained connections with literary tradition and homeland. It demonstrates how the reading of classical Chinese poetry can better our understanding of Singapore’s political, social, and cultural history, deepen knowledge of the transregional relationship between China and Nanyang, and fine-tune, redress, and enrich our perception of Singapore Chinese literature, Sinophone literature, the Chinese diaspora, and global Chinese identity.
The importance of the Chinese diaspora is widely recognized. Wanning Sun examines the key role of the media in the Chinese diaspora. She focuses especially on the media's role in communication, in fostering a sense of community, in defining different kinds of 'transnational Chineseness' - overseas Chinese communities are often very different from one country to another - and in showing how media communication is linked to commerce, which is often a key activity of the overseas Chinese. Revealing a great deal about the vibrancy and dynamism of the Chinese-language media, the book considers the Chinese diaspora in Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand and Australia, showing how it plays a crucial role in the changing nature of the Chinese diaspora.
When historian Manro Lu travels to China to uncover a mysterious family heirloom, she discovers much more than ancient secrets. There, she crosses paths with handsome professor Jafung Yu, sparking an unexpected yet undeniable attraction. Linked by a broken 800-year-old jade pendant, Manro and Jafung find themselves inexplicably drawn together as they piece together clues about the artifact’s past owners - two forbidden lovers separated by war. Emotions intensify amid quiet moments on scenic bridges and candlelit ancient temples. Yet with so much history and baggage in Manro’s delicate mission, what future can two young romantics share when the past pulls them apart? From the picturesque rivers of Xiangyang Shire to the bustling streets of Xiangyang City, experience the blooming passion between a Korean expatriate and a local Chinese scholar. Two hearts brought together by a name and torn asunder by time find that love can bridge more than culture, generations, wars, and broken pendants.