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This is the first volume to comprehensively discuss the ethical, regulatory, and social aspects of xenotransplantation research. Organized into four parts, Xenotransplantation begins by examining ethical issues around informed consent of the potential xenograft recipient, the major ethical issues encountered when doing this research on pigs, and allocation issues. Part two examines regulatory aspects from a global perspective, specifically from three major regions of the world doing xenotransplantation research currently, of which include the United States, Western Europe, and Asia. Following this, part three describes religious aspects of xenotransplantation amongst the major world religions, including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism. The book closes with an analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies conducted by the editors that assess the public’s perception of xenotransplantation. Featuring original data collected by the editors, this book is an instrumental resource for all clinicians involved in the research and practice of xenotransplantation.
Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of cells, tissues, and whole organs from one species to another. Interest in animal-to-human xenotransplants has been spurred by the continuing shortage of donated human organs and by advances in knowledge concerning the biology of organ and tissue rejection. The scientific advances and promise, however, raise complex questions that must be addressed. This book considers the scientific and medical feasibility of xenotransplantation and explores the ethical and public policy issues surrounding the possibility of renewed clinical trials. The volume focuses on the science base of xenotransplantation, public health risks of infectious disease transmission, and ethical and public policy issues, including the views of patients and their families.
Of policy considerations from the NY'98 Workshop -- pt. I. Transplantation. 1. International transplantation issues: problems and needs. 2. Immunological hurdles for transplantation. 3. New approaches to induce tolerance -- pt. II. Xenotransplantation. 1. A historical perspective. 2. Pigs as organ donors. 3. Baboons as organ donors -- pt. III. International policy issues in xenotransplantation. 1. Handling the risk: the challenge of international surveillance. 2. International co-operation. 3. Lessons learned in gene therapy. 4. Industry involvement. 5. Economic aspects. 6. Socio-legal and ethical aspects -- Concluding considerations -- Annex I. Working Party on Xenografts (of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics): Summary of Recommendations -- Annex II. Article 152 of the Amsterdam Treaty (ex Article 129) -- Annex III. Recommendation of the Council of Europe -- Annex IV. Workshop on Transplantations, Including Xenotransplantations: Proposed Strategy for Developing Research into and Accessibility to these Technologies in Africa and the Third World -- Annex V. Joint OECD-New York Academy of Sciences Workshop Programme -- Annex VI. Steering and Expert Group for the Preparation of the OECD Workshop New York '98 -- References.
This collection features comprehensive overviews of the various ethical challenges in organ transplantation. International readings well-grounded in the latest developments in the life sciences are organized into systematic sections and engage with one another, offering complementary views. All core issues in the global ethical debate are covered: donating and procuring organs, allocating and receiving organs, as well as considering alternatives. Due to its systematic structure, the volume provides an excellent orientation for researchers, students, and practitioners alike to enable a deeper understanding of some of the most controversial issues in modern medicine.
Infectious diseases once thought to be controlled (such as malaria and tuberculosis) are now spreading rapidly across the globe, and lethal new disease agents (HIV/AIDS, ebola and BSE) continue to emerge at an ominous pace. Policymakers must consider the implications of disease proliferation for economic prosperity, general well-being, and national security in affected societies. This work represents a collection of articles from the premier authors in the field on the ramifications of disease emergence for international development, international law, and national security.