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The most comprehensive and authoritative book in its field, this edition has been extensively revised and updated. This book is intended for anyone who develops test items for large-scale assessments, as well as teachers and graduate students who de
Here's a book intended to help readers develop better test questions aimed at measuring their students' or future students' higher level thinking abilities such as writing, reading, mathematical or scientific problem solving, critical thinking, and creative thinking.
Constructing test items for standardized tests of achievement, ability, and aptitude is a task of enormous importance. The interpretability of a test's scores flows directly from the quality of its items and exercises. Concomitant with score interpretability is the notion that including only carefully crafted items on a test is the primary method by which the skilled test developer reduces unwanted error variance, or errors of measurement, and thereby increases a test score's reliability. The aim of this entire book is to increase the test constructor's awareness of this source of measurement error, and then to describe methods for identifying and minimizing it during item construction and later review. Persons involved in assessment are keenly aware of the increased attention given to alternative formats for test items in recent years. Yet, in many writers' zeal to be `curriculum-relevant' or `authentic' or `realistic', the items are often developed seemingly without conscious thought to the interpretations that may be garnered from them. This book argues that the format for such alternative items and exercises also requires rigor in their construction and even offers some solutions, as one chapter is devoted to these alternative formats. This book addresses major issues in constructing test items by focusing on four ideas. First, it describes the characteristics and functions of test items. A second feature of this book is the presentation of editorial guidelines for writing test items in all of the commonly used item formats, including constructed-response formats and performance tests. A third aspect of this book is the presentation of methods for determining the quality of test items. Finally, this book presents a compendium of important issues about test items, including procedures for ordering items in a test, ethical and legal concerns over using copyrighted test items, item scoring schemes, computer-generated items and more.
Since test items are the building blocks of any test, learning how to develop and validate test items has always been critical to the teaching-learning process. As they grow in importance and use, testing programs increasingly supplement the use of selected-response (multiple-choice) items with constructed-response formats. This trend is expected to continue. As a result, a new item writing book is needed, one that provides comprehensive coverage of both types of items and of the validity theory underlying them. This book is an outgrowth of the author’s previous book, Developing and Validating Multiple-Choice Test Items, 3e (Haladyna, 2004). That book achieved distinction as the leading source of guidance on creating and validating selected-response test items. Like its predecessor, the content of this new book is based on both an extensive review of the literature and on its author’s long experience in the testing field. It is very timely in this era of burgeoning testing programs, especially when these items are delivered in a computer-based environment. Key features include ... Comprehensive and Flexible – No other book so thoroughly covers the field of test item development and its various applications. Focus on Validity – Validity, the most important consideration in testing, is stressed throughout and is based on the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, currently under revision by AERA, APA, and NCME Illustrative Examples – The book presents various selected and constructed response formats and uses many examples to illustrate correct and incorrect ways of writing items. Strategies for training item writers and developing large numbers of items using algorithms and other item-generating methods are also presented. Based on Theory and Research – A comprehensive review and synthesis of existing research runs throughout the book and complements the expertise of its authors.
The College Instructor’s Guide to Writing Test Items: Measuring Student Learning addresses the need for direct and clear guidance on item writing for assessing broad ranges of content in many fields. By focusing on multiple-choice response items, this book provides college instructors the tools to understand, develop, and use assessment activities in classrooms in a way that consistently supports learning. Including dozens of example items and additional resources to support the item development process, this volume is unique in its practical-focus, and is essential reading for instructors and soon-to-be educators, professional development specialists, and higher education researchers. As teaching, assessment, and learning are inherently intertwined, The College Instructor’s Guide to Writing Test Items both facilitates the development of instructors’ own practice and improves the learning outcomes and success of students.
Practice and Feedback for Deeper Learning studies five strategies and 26 specific tactics to promote deeper learning and application from practice and feedback in adult instruction. If you build instructional materials for an applied adult audience, you NEED this book! Practice and feedback are two of the most essential elements of instruction and getting them right is the difference between instruction that doesn't connect and deep learning and application. Practice is where people go from what to how. Feedback offers information needed for next steps. How we implement these two critical elements make all the difference and this book shows how. The strategies and tactics come from training and adult learning research and were selected because of their impact on training and learning outcomes. The five strategies are: Strategy 1: Analyze the Job Context Strategy 2: Practice for Self-direction Strategy 3: Practice for Transfer Strategy 4: Practice for Remembering Strategy 5: Give Effective Feedback These are the strategies and tactics needed to make instruction more relevant and responsive to today's changing workplace and needs. The book is filled with examples, checklists, and job aids to help you apply the tactics in your own situation. Praise for Practice and Feedback for Deeper Learning Practice and Feedback for Deeper Learning is a research-to-practice powerhouse! Filled with golden nuggets of practical insight, Patti Shank's book shares fundamental strategies in a uniquely crisp and coherent manner. A book worthy of being in the personal library of every instructional designer! Will Thalheimer, PhD, President, Work-Learning Research, Inc. Patti Shank's latest addition to her Make It Learnable series, Practice and Feedback for Deeper Learning, is excellent. Every page has something valuable, and you can read it with confidence knowing that Patti has diligently combed through the research evidence to extract the most useful guidelines. This whole series is an invaluable contribution to the field of learning and development. Julie Dirksen, Author, Design for How People Learn, and Learning Strategist, Usable Learning Patti Shank's second book in her Make it Learnable series of books once again hits the mark. In simple, straightforward terms she has boiled down and laid out the research that you need to read as practical approaches; in this case, for practice and feedback. It's a 'must own' reference that every designer should have if you're to create learning experiences that lead to real outcomes. Clark Quinn, PhD, Author and learning technology consultant through Quinnovation It's a pleasure and a professional responsibility to recommend this book. This and Patti's previous book Write and Organize for Deeper Learning should be standard texts for all new learning professionals. Patti's focus on using empirical research for how to design and deliver training is exceptional. Jo Cook, Live online learning and virtual classroom expert, LightbulbMoment.info Patti's book is absolutely brilliant. It covers most (if not all!) fundamentals for effective learning design. It also reminded me that our profession is tough! There are many nuances and subtleties that are extremely important. Patti explains these complicated topics in an understandable and applicable way. Mirjam Neelen, MSc., Learning Experience Design Lead, Accenture
This book is intended for anyone who is seriously interested in designing and validating multiple-choice test items that measure understanding and the application of knowledge and skills to complex situations, such as critical thinking and problem solving. The most comprehensive and authoritative book in its field, this edition has been extensively
Study Skills and Test-Taking Strategies for Medical Students: Find and Use Your Personal Learning Style provides techniques that identify and apply the medical student's personal learning style to specific study skills and exam-taking strategies so that understanding, analysis, synthesis, and recall of information occur in a time-efficient manner. This volume in the Oklahoma Notes Series is written for talented medical students who were excellent scholars in undergraduate school but find themselves overwhelmed with the information explosion and time constraints of medical school.