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Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Global Challenge, Second Edition provides an in-depth examination of epidemiologic research and prevention measures for the full range of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This authoritative text on the world's leading causes of death describes in detail the nature of atherosclerotic and hypertensive diseases--including their determinants, prevention and control, as well as policies for intervention in community and clinical settings. This Second Edition is fully updated, more extensively referenced and expanded to include new information about the public health dimensions of CVD prevention, exploring the basis of public health decisions and the process by which decision-making bodies develop guidelines and recommendations.Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Global Challenge, Second Edition is the essential text for any student or practitioner concerned with global cardiovascular health.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), once thought to be confined primarily to industrialized nations, has emerged as a major health threat in developing countries. Cardiovascular disease now accounts for nearly 30 percent of deaths in low and middle income countries each year, and is accompanied by significant economic repercussions. Yet most governments, global health institutions, and development agencies have largely overlooked CVD as they have invested in health in developing countries. Recognizing the gap between the compelling evidence of the global CVD burden and the investment needed to prevent and control CVD, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) turned to the IOM for advice on how to catalyze change. In this report, the IOM recommends that the NHLBI, development agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and governments work toward two essential goals: creating environments that promote heart healthy lifestyle choices and help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and building public health infrastructure and health systems with the capacity to implement programs that will effectively detect and reduce risk and manage CVD. To meet these goals, the IOM recommends several steps, including improving cooperation and collaboration; implementing effective and feasible strategies; and informing efforts through research and health surveillance. Without better efforts to promote cardiovascular health, global health as a whole will be undermined.
Heart attack (ischaemic heart disease or coronary heart disease) as one of a group of cardiovascular diseases, is one of the main causes of death (over 30 million/year) in the developed and developing world. The dual aim of this book is to review the well-established risk factors in CHD and to look forward to disease prevention, equipped with lessons from the past. The book covers etiology to public health, including studies within a single population and international studies, important areas of methodological development, trials to test preventive strategies, and the application of epidemiological and other knowledge to the development of public health policy for the prevention of widespread disease. It is an all-encompassing work containing contributions from the world authorities in the field.
This new edition attempts to provide a broad picture of cardiovascular disease epidemiology including survey methods, experimental methods, and new methods appropriate for use in developed and developing countries. It also goes beyond practical guidelines to provide detailed methods useful in the field for data collection, editing, analysis, and interpretation. The book is not only a manual of operations for surveys but provides, as well, the conceptual background and literature base for the research approaches and procedures that it proposes. A complete source and critical reference for the many and varied health care professionals and support personnel involved in cardiovascular research in evaluation of health care effects and costs in hospital, and population surveillance of trends, and in treatment and prevention trials of new agents instruments and procedures. A compendium of methods and forms on a computer disk is included.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing in epidemic proportions in developing countries. CVD already accounts for almost 10 percent of the developing world's burden of disease and is likely to become the developing world's leading cause of death. There is reason for hope, however, given that huge potential exists for applying R&D to control this emerging epidemicâ€"both in creating powerful new interventions such as vaccines and dietary supplements and in guiding behavior. In addition, a considerable body of evidence suggests that current risk-factor prevention programs and low-cost case management of CVD offer feasible, cost-effective ways to reduce CVD mortality and disability in developing country populations. Large-scale CVD control efforts are lacking, however, and thus governments and individuals are left to make choices about health and health care services without the benefit of appropriate knowledge. This report was designed to promote a policy dialogue on CVD based on informed knowledge of R&D opportunities that offer effective, affordable, and widely applicable responses in developing countries. The report examines (a) the emerging burden of CVD in developing countries, (b) the future worldwide burden of CVD, (c) current prevention and treatment of CVD in developing countries, (d) R&D to support CVD control, (e) opportunities and priorities for R&D, and the need for institutional arrangements for collaboration in facing the epidemic.
The Seven Countries Study has made central contributions to the under standing of the socio-cultural influences on population rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has pointed the way to preventive strategies for whole populations. The Study is unique as a long-term investigation, now in its 35th year. This pioneering work arose in part from a meeting between Professors Ancel Keys and Noboru Kimura to discuss differences observed in clinical mani festations and pathology of coronary disease in the U.S. and Japan. Professor Keys started explorations of the importance in these differences of dietary fat and serum cholesterol when he visited Japan in 1954, and thereafter initiated the Seven Countries Study to test these hypotheses. In the Japanese cohorts of the Study, it became evident from the outset that coronary artery disease was extremely rare, but its incidence has since increased along with dramatic lifestyle changes from traditional Japanese to western styles. The Japanese experience contrasts with a reduction in coronary artery disease in many western countries along with establishment of major preventive efforts in risk factor reduction and cardiac care.
Designed for a wide readership interested in heart disease, stroke, lifestyle, risk factors, public health policy and epidemiology. It explains what the MONICA study was about, describes participating populations, and contains abstracts of MONICA publications plus 80 graphics of the key MONICA results, with explanatory notes. In addition two CD-ROMs incorporate MONICA documents and quality assessment reports; data books tabulating all the results; slide shows of the main MONICA topics; and lastly a 20% subset of the database for explanatory analysis.