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This document provides information on the fisheries and state of stocks of a number of highly migratory species and straddling stocks. The section on highly migratory species covers the species listed in the relevant annex to the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea, such as tunas, billfish, marlins, oceanic sharks, marine turtles, pomfrets, dolphinfish and sauries, and also other species of actual or potential importance to high seas fisheries with migratory behaviour not listed in that annex (such as tuna-like species, squids, oceanic horse mackerel, etc.), of which very little is known. It does not cover marine mammals and salmon. It concludes that many of these resources have been severely reduced or depleted, illustrating the non-sustainable nature of today's exploitation of the high seas. The paper also reviews the major straddling stocks, region by region, identifying the species involved, the fisheries and, whenever possible, the status of the stocks and the management problems. It shows that there are more straddling stocks than those which have attracted international attention. It underlines the importance of pelagic straddling stocks particularly around island countries, and highlights some of the management problems.
Fisheries for highly migratory species are important in all oceans and semi-enclosed seas, except for polar regions. Fisheries for straddling fish stocks are much more localised, primarily occurring in a few regions where continental shelves extend beyond the 200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), while most fisheries for other high seas fishery resources are deep-water fisheries. This publication examines issues relating to the stocks of these resources, including information on their state of exploitation. Findings include that about 30 percent of the stocks of highly migratory tuna and tuna-like species, more than half of highly migratory oceanic sharks and nearly two-thirds of the straddling stocks and the stocks of other high seas fishery resources are overexploited or depleted. Although the stocks concerned represent only a small fraction of the world fishery resources, they are key indicators of the state of an overwhelming part of the ocean ecosystem which appears to be more overexploited than EEZs.
This book examines legal, economic and environmental developments including recent state and international practice.
In Filling Regulatory Gaps in High Seas Fisheries, author Yoshinobu Takei investigates the regime of high seas fisheries from the perspective of international law and considers whether there are regulatory gaps in high seas fisheries and, if so, how they should be filled. The book focuses on topical issues such as the management of deep-sea fisheries on the high seas and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems. In view of the current state of marine fisheries resources, together with ecosystem concerns, swift and effective action is required to improve fisheries management, in particular for high seas fisheries. Takei thoroughly analyzes the current state of affairs and convincingly suggests steps to be taken in the future.
Now in its 15th year, The NILOS Documentary Yearbook provides the reader with an excellent collection of documents related to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, issued each year by organizations, organs and bodies of the United Nations system. Documents of the UN General Assembly, Meeting of State Parties to the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention, CLCS, ISBA, ITLOS, Follow-Up to the UN Straddling Fish Stocks and Small Island States Conferences, ECOSOC, UNEP, and UNCTAD are included first, followed by the documents of FAO, IAEA, IMO, and UNESCO/IOC. As in the previous volumes, documents which were issued in the course of 1999 are reproduced, while other relevant documents are listed. The NILOS Documentary Yearbook has proved to be of invaluable assistance in facilitating access by the community of scholars and practitioners in ocean affairs and the law of the sea to essential documentation. The entry of the 1982 UN Law of the Sea Convention into force on 16th November 1994 and of the Part XI Agreement on 28 July 1996, and progress in the implementation of Chapter 17 of Agenda 21, to be assessed at the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit, make continuation of this assistance of particular significance in the years to come. The members of the Yearbook's Advisory Board are: Judges Abdul Koroma and Shigeru Oda of the ICJ, Judges Thomas Mensah, Dolliver Nelson, and Tullio Treves of the ITLOS, as well as Rosalie Balkin, Edward Brown, Lee Kimball, Bernard Oxman, and Shabtai Rosenne.
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing threatens the viability of high seas living resources. This book details the efforts of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Commission and the Australian government to adopt complementary measures to deter IUU fishing in the Southern Ocean. It describes how these various measures have proven effective in deterring IUU operators.
Legal Order in the World's Oceans: UN Convention on the Law of the Seaassesses the impact of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and many aspects and challenges of modern law of the sea. The theme was selected in part to celebrate that this conference was the Center for Oceans Law and Policy's 40th Annual Conference and in part to emphasize the seminal contribution to the Rule of Law from UNCLOS in building legal order in the world's oceans. The comprehensive scope of this inquiry is presented in six parts. The topics are: Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea at the United Nations; the Area and the International Seabed Authority; the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and Dispute Settlement; the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf; Sustainable Fisheries, including the UN Fish Stocks Agreement; and Operational Implementation--Maritime Compliance and Enforcement.