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Excerpt from World Beef Trends More beef is produced and consumed than any other meat. Worldwide, beef has comprised around 53 percent of total red meat production in recent years, in the United States, roughly 60 percent; and in both instances, pork has followed with about 38 percent of to tal red meat output. Beef's relative popularity from region to region around the world is influenced by tradition as well as by various economic factors such as product availability, comparative prices and the consumer income with which to buy. Local customs and even religion play an important role in beef consumption habits. Annual per capita beef consumption is highest in Argentina (153-190 pounds in recent years), Uruguay (146 Paraguay (104 United States (94 Australia (85 and New Zea land (94 Each of these major beef-eating countries is characterized by extensive areas of grazing land and climatic factors conducive to the development of vast cattle industries. All but the United States are substantial net exporters' of beef. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Price Spreads for Beef In addition to the steady upward trend price spreads for beef ofien changed sharply from month to month. Most of these short-term changes were explained by changes in the supply of cattle. Retail prices adjusted to supply changes much more slowly than did cattle prices. These lags caused price spreads to behave erratically in the short run. This was apparent during 1962 when prices of Choice grade cattle increased for 9 of the 12 months and the farm - retail spread dropped sharply during the year to its lowest annual average since 1959. In 1963, when cattle prices dropped during 10 of the 12 months, the spread increased sharply to near the level predicted by the long-term trend. The farm-retail price spread increased cents in the 1949-64 period. This resulted from a -cent increase in the wholesale-retail spread anda -cent increase in the farm-wholesale spread. The farm-retail price spread for beef has increased more rapidly since 1949 than have spreads for other red meats and for all foods, and much faster than the consumer price index. Price spreads for beef tended to narrow in the 25 years between 1920 and 1945. Shortly after World War II, this trend was reversed and the widening trend observed above has been characteristic since. Most of the increase has been in the wholesale retail spread, with the farm-wholesale spread increasing at about the rate of the consumer price index. The examples in this bulletin of individual marketings of cattle from ranch and farm point out that differences between costs and selling prices can vary greatly, yielding different returns for similar services at different times. For the livestock producer and feeder, they indicate that the timing of purchases and sales is a major factor in profit and loss. For the consumer, they show how the marketing services of feeding, hauling, slaughtering, distribution, and retailing enter into the retail price of beef. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Market Classes and Grades of Yearling Beef With the trend toward increased marketing and slaughter of younger and lighter-weight cattle there has developed a need for class and grade standards which can be applied to carcasses of year ling beef. The descriptions in Department of Agriculture Bulletin N o. 1246 1 are for mature beef only, and do not include yearling beef, some of which is sometimes called baby beef. Because of the influence that age and feed have on the character, consistency, texture, and color of the flesh, carcasses of the bovine species are divided into four groups: Veal, calf, yearling beef, and mature beef. From the standpoint of economy and practical trade ethics these divisions are necessary. The differences between carcasses of year ling beef and carcasses of mature beef are as great as the differences between veal carcasses and calf carcasses. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Western Europe's Beef Production, Consumption, and Trade: Situation and Outlook Per capita consumption of beef and veal in total, after increasing sharply during the l960's, has been declining since 1970 in Western Europe (veal since Beef consumption as a share of total meat consumption has also declined. However, there are wide variations by country in beef consumption levels and trends. The drop in beef consumption since 1970 would appear to be primarily due to in creased retail beef prices. In 1973, however, prices of pork and poultry rose more than did beef prices, but this did not cause a shift to beef consumption. Consumers in many West European countries, faced with sharply rising food budgets, apparently chose to economize by purchasing more pork and poultry-still considerably cheaper than beef on a per pound basis. The rates of increase now being forecast for-beef and veal production in 1974 will not cut significantly into herd size. Thus, high levels of production can be expected to continue into 1975 and 1976. Although consumption should recover somewhat in the medium term, particularly if economic growth rates pick up, the same pressures opera tive in 1974 will probably make for low levels of beef imports. Projections of long-term developments in the West European beef situation show great variation and no general consensus as to the size or direction of net imports. Increases in herd size are generally thought to be constrained by the linkage of beef and milk production. Currently, about 90 percent of West European beef production comes from dairy or dual-purpose cattle. Thus, unmanageable dairy surpluses could re sult from large herd increases. On the other hand, there is substantial room for in creased beef production through increases in carcass weights, improvements in calving rates, and particularly, further reductions in calf slaughterings. Strong growth in West European beef consumption is expected in the long run, given continued economic progress in the region. The income elasticity for beef is thought to be much higher than that for other meats, and current West European consumption levels are still quite low compared with u.s. And Canadian beef consumption. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Second Quarterly Outlook for World Meat Production and Trade 1 in 1979 While total supplies of meat appear plentiful, growing populations and increasing incomes are fueling increases in consumer requirements. Prices for all meats in these major markets have continued to rise, particularly for beef. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The World's Meat Future: An Account of the Live Stock Position and Meat Prospects of All Leading Stock, Countries of the World With Full, Lists of Freezing Works One of the most important questions at the present time, when the peace negotiations arc settled, is that which forms the subject matter of this book. Everybody wants to know what is going to be the position of the meat supply, and all sorts of prognostications are being given expression to. No one should have a better idea of the possibilities of stock raising in various countries than Mr. A. W. Pearse. For twenty-seven years he has been closely identified with the meat industry, not only in Australia, but in most of the stock-raising countries of the world. The newspaper of which he is the editor and proprietor (The Pastoral Review) circulates in all stock countries, and I don't suppose there are many men interested in the meat trade who do not eagerly look for and read the information he supplies. His paper alone has well-paid representatives and experts in most countries where stock are reared, and direct and authentic information and tables of exports are regularly forwarded by them. So satisfied are the meat firms of Australia and New Zealand with his capability and knowledge that on two occasions he has been the representative of all the meat-exporting companies of Australia and New Zealand at International Congresses, the first in Paris in. 1908, and the second in Chicago in 1913. At the last conference he also represented the Federal Government of Australia, and read a paper on the world's meat export trade before a vast gathering of experts from all over the world. Most of his knowledge has been gained first hand. He has visited the States of South America and Africa several times, and when the war broke out was booked for a trip through Siberia to gather information and prospects there. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
In the first three parts of this book an exploration of the historical role of cattle in Western civilization is given. Part four examines the human impact of the modern cattle complex and the world beef culture. The range of environmental threats that have been created, in part, by the modern cattle complex is described in part five. Part six examines the psychology of cattle complexes and the politics of beef eating in Western society. The author hopes that this book will contribute to moving our society beyond beef
Excerpt from The Beef Cattle Industries of Central America and Panama The central American countries and Panama have enjoyed a rapid rate of economic growth during the past 10 years. Although in percentage terms industry has probably shown the greater increase, most of the growth in gross national product has been derived from expanded production of agricultural commodities. Nonetheless, the economies of these countries still suffer from the weakness of over dependence on one or two export products. They are particularly vulnerable when one considers that in almost every instance their leading dollar exchange earners (coffee and cotton in Guatemala and Nicaragua, coffee and bananas in Costa Rica and Honduras, and bananas in Panama) are products subject to surplus accumulation and severe price fluctuations in world markets. Aware of their vulnerable position, the governments and private sectors of these countries, assisted by technical missions from international organizations and the us. Agency for International Development (aid), among others, have for the past several years sought to bolster their economies by encouraging increased self-sufficiency in food production and the development of new export lines to provide the foreign exchange necessary to pay for essential imports. Much of their attention has been centered on the livestock industry, which has played a traditional, though relatively minor, role in Central America and Panama since the colonial period. The objective of this report is to examine the factors associated with the rising trend in beef produc tion in recent years and assess future prospects. Hopefully, answers or reasoned judgments can be made in response to some of the perplexing questions concerning the beef cattle industry in Central America and Panama. Has the gain in productivity in the industry been as rapid as the expansion in slaughter operations; or, has the increase in numbers of cattle slaughterings been achieved partly in response to the construction of excess slaughter capacity at the expense of future production? What has been-the effect of the campaign to expand beef exports on the availability of supplies for the domestic market? What are the prospects for production, domestic consumption, and exports over the next 7 years? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.