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During much of the 250 years that the United States has been a country, women were not allowed to join the military. This changed at the beginning of the 20th century when the Nurse Corp was created in the U.S. Army. Still, women were limited in what they could do in the Army. During WWII, around 350,000 women served, which included the Women's Army Corp (WAC). World War II was also when the Army recruited the first female pilots, with the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), although they did not fly in combat. The 350,000 service women also included those accepted for Volunteer Military Services (WAVES). In 1948, President Truman signed the Women's Armed Service Integration Act. With this Act, women in the U.S. military became permanent in most branches. Since that time, women's roles in the military have increased. But that does not mean there is still not discrimination. In the Arkansas National Guard, women could not join until the 1960s, and it was not until the 1970s that their numbers began to increase. During the last three decades, the Arkansas National Guard commissioned its first female Major General and Command Sergeant Major, to include women with combat military occupational specialties (MOS) and more women have been promoted to command positions. But many women paved the way for these more recent accomplishments. This book covers the women Trailblazers in the Arkansas National Guard who dedicated their careers to the organization and continue to do so.
For much of the military history of the United States, African Americans were discouraged from joining the military or relegated to segregated units. The Arkansas Militia/ National Guard was no different. In 1948, President Truman officially desegregated the Armed Forces, but it took several years before the process was complete. In 1964, the Arkansas National Guard allowed its first African American to enlist.Gradually, more African Americans joined the Arkansas Army and Air Guard. However, African Americans in the Arkansas Guard faced many obstacles. Discrimination was rampant and slowed their advancement in the organization. This book investigates the issues of discrimination experienced by African American pioneers in the Arkansas National Guard. In addition, a large portion of this book is dedicated to the first African Americans to achieve ranks, command, and other achievements in the Arkansas National Guard.
Arkansas has always been among the leading states whose people stepped up to defend the nation in times of war. On a few thousand acres of land across the Arkansas River from the capital city of Little Rock, this dedication is evident. Images of America: Camp Robinson and the Military on the North Shore traces the area's military history from the founding of Fort Logan H. Roots in the late 1800s through the training for World War I and World War II, when as many as 50,000 men and women were stationed at Camp Robinson at any one time. This book pays tribute to the Arkansas National Guard, which is still based at Camp Robinson and has served countless times in times of war and natural disasters. Illustrated with rare photographs spanning more than a century, Camp Robinson and the Military on the North Shore commemorates one of the proudest military training grounds in the nation's history.
When the 206th Coast Artillery Regiment of the Arkansas National Guard was called into federal service in January of 1941, few of the soldiers saw this action as anything more than a temporary detour in their lives. The war, after all, was in Europe and Asia and did not seem to involve them; many of the men thought they would serve their one-year enlistment and go home. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor changed all that. The Williwaw War highlights the event sthat shaped the service of Arkansas’s 206th in the Aleutian Islands, including the Japanese strikes on Dutch Harbor on the third and fourth of June 1942, as well as the naval battle of the Komandorski Islands and the recapture of Attu and Kiska. Written by the noted co-authors of the best-welling books on World War II, The Williwaw War chronicles the efforts of the men of the 206th as they battled terrible weather, overwhelming boredome and deprivation, and the Japanese, who were succesfully attempting to distract the Americans from the main Japanese assault on Midway Island.
This dissertation examines the history and role of Enlisted Women in the Air National Guard, 1968-2012. By examining this previously undocumented agency of women's history, I clarify the political and cultural dynamics that directly factored into the accession of women as enlisted members of the Air National Guard. This dissertation includes a brief look at some of the major highlights of women throughout history from around the world who took up arms during periods of conflict to defend their homes and families. The background and demise of the draft that led to the development of the All-Volunteer Force which today provides the cornerstone of our nation's manpower defense capability. The history and formation of the Air National Guard from its National Guard origins in 1946, the introduction of women into the enlisted ranks of the 1970s all-male environment of the Air National Guard. The subsequent policy changes that took place throughout the 1980s and '90s to accomodate the ever increasing number of enlisted women within the Air Guard. Finally, the recognition of the accomplishments of both individuals and groups of enlisted women who have risen to top leadership positions within their career fields and the Air National Guard as a whole through their service during peace and conflict. Today's military mission of the United States armed forces would be impossible to execute without the participation and direct efforts of the enlisted women of the Air National Guard. I use a straightforward approach to historical data collection to construct a chronological narrative of the individuals and events that took place to provide an historical essay. I have collected data from archives, interviews, newspapers, published reports, and personal journals. The story of enlisted women in the Air National Guard is relatively a new one compared to the legacy of enlisted women within the other branches of America's armed services. The dedication, sacrifices, determination, selflessness, patriotism, and achievements of this group of women deserves to be established within a comprehensive record in order that future scholars can benefit from to support their unique investigations into women's historiography.