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'Entrepreneurship can result from necessity as well as opportunity, and women entrepreneurs pursue goals beyond economic gains.' 'There is no gender differential in drivers of business expansion. The small scale of business does not inhibit women-owned micro enterprises from expanding.' In Women Entrepreneurship in the Indian Middle Class, Unni, Yadav, Naik and Dutta explore entrepreneurship using a gender and class lens from multidisciplinary perspectives. They examine the evolution of the field and uncover factors impacting women's participation in entrepreneurship. Defining entrepreneurship broadly to include not just 'new economic activity' but operations of all economic enterprises, the authors attempt to understand: What motivates women in India to operate enterprises ranging from small and medium to large enterprises?
The starting point for the book is the low economic activity of women in India, and hence, both governmental and NGO-based activities to raise the level of women’s participation to Indian economy, and through that, the increase in women’s economic and social independence. The book focuses on elementary and important issues of entrepreneurship and women in any economy. Prof. Anne Kovalainen School of Economics University of Turku, Finland The book focuses on three NGOs and their activities in enhancing and promoting women’s entrepreneurial activities in three different areas in India. The empirical material consists of interview materials as well as background data and reports, national level statistics and other figures that are used to describe the Indian situation in general, and specifically those conditions from where women’s entrepreneurial activities arise, such as gender equality and legislation frameworks. The book is very important, not only for the women’s entrepreneurship and economic activity but for the Indian society at large. Prof. Paola Villa Department of Economics University of Trento, Italy This book is a product of extensive and intensive research. The book aptly highlights and proves the importance of NGOs in promoting women entrepreneurship. Given the rigors of research methodology, the book will also serve as a model for future research on the related dimensions of women entrepreneurship. Prof. Italo Trevisan Department of Economics and Management University of Trento, Italy Women’s empowerment in India remains a daunting task for governmental and non-governmental organizations alike. Given the importance of economic empowerment of women, this study provides an overview of the entrepreneurship as a means to economic empowerment of Indian women. Dr. Suman Sharma Officer on Special Duty(OSD) Dayal Singh College (Evening) University of Delhi
This unique edited collection explores the ways in which entrepreneurship acts to shape self-identity for Indian women and validate their identities in a patriarchal society. Differing from existing literature which focuses on the antecedents of entrepreneurship for women and their performing outcomes, Indian Women as Entrepreneurs questions whether entrepreneurship is simply about exploiting a business opportunity for profitability. Asserting that both work and societal environments have an impact on an entrepreneur’s self-identity, this book demonstrates ways in which self-concept influences the entrepreneur’s relationship with their work in terms of motivation, effort and performance. Building on Unveiling Women’s Leadership, this book provides an original and important contribution to the literature on entrepreneurial Indian women.
The Indian Constitution is the largest written constitution that guarantees equality to women and empowers the State to take affirmative actions in favour of women. India has adopted International conventions for protection of rights of women and granting them equality and ratified the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in the year 1993. The National Policy for Women Empowerment was presented in 2001, the goal of that policy to bring about the advancement, development and empowerment of women and enable women to become financially independent. Currently, India is the only country where the economic gender gap is larger than the political gender gap. Women are required to understand their own potential and overcome social barriers. With constant support of the government, change in stereotype mindset and skill development in women, India will continue witnessing gradual increase in women entrepreneurship in future. The aim of this book is to show the latest state of knowledge on the topic of women entrepreneurship, the role of women in business and women empowerment in India. Many aspects relating to role of women in business, sustainable business development and aspects going beyond economic empowerment of women are discussed in addition to presenting legal and regulatory frameworks. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of entrepreneurship, empowerment, gender studies, and law.
Hailed as the beneficiary, driving force and result of globalisation, India’s middle-class is puzzling in its diversity, as a multitude of traditions, social formations and political constellations manifest contribute to this project. This book looks at Indian middle-class lifestyles through a number of case studies, ranging from a historical account detailing the making of a savvy middle-class consumer in the late colonial period, to saving clubs among women in Delhi’s upmarket colonies and the dilemmas of entrepreneurial families in Tamil Nadu’s industrial towns. The book pays tribute to the diversity of regional, caste, rural and urban origins that shape middle- class lifestyles in contemporary India and highlights common themes, such as the quest for upward mobility, common consumption practices, the importance of family values, gender relations and educational trajectories. It unpacks the notion that the Indian middle-class can be understood in terms of public performances, surveys and economic markers, and emphasises how the study of middle-class culture needs to be based on detailed studies, as everyday practices and private lives create the distinctive sub-cultures and cultural politics that characterise the Indian middle class today. With its focus on private domains middleclassness appears as a carefully orchestrated and complex way of life and presents a fascinating way to understand South Asian cultures and communities through the prism of social class.
This book, “The perspective of women’s entrepreneurship in the Age of Globalization” addresses the issue of female entrepreneurship development in the context of globalization. The authors take the position that entrepreneurship serves as a catalyst of economic development and globalization process has progressively reduced barriers to entrepreneurship and increased competition in the global market. Namely, important settings of inter-country cooperation in our times are the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization. Like an on-coming vehicle globalization cannot be stopped. However, we can influence its direction and we can prepare to use it as an instrument for improving the conditions of the greater majority of people all over the world. The recognition of the capacity of women entrepreneurs in our global community is no longer a matter for debate. It is our reality that Female Entrepreneurship has been the major factor contributing to the development of many countries. This book brings together a large amount of information on various women entrepreneurship opportunities from different points of view and from different countries and regions. The special value of this volume is the networking of researchers - scientists and other professionals and experts all over the world and their participation with the articles based on research undertaken specifically for the book.
The book aims to encourage entrepreneurial thinking by showing how to understand and spot the possible opportunity gaps in various sections and industries. The objective is to encourage entrepreneurial thinking and motivate more women to take the plunge, without necessarily judging success as the outcome. It aims at encouraging the effort and presents guidelines for taking the right steps towards the entrepreneurship and hence moderating many risk factors.
This Research Handbook highlights the importance of women as agents of change, acknowledging women entrepreneurs’ efforts and supporting their value-creation activities. With important implications for policymaking, contributing authors direct attention to and provide evidence for the positive contribution of women entrepreneurs to the economy, regardless of their businesses’ size and formal status.
The basic concepts and characteristics of entrepreneurship are concerned with developing a vision of what a company should be, and afterward executing that vision by making an interpretation of it into solid advances and finishing. Business people have a tendency to be actually associated with building and modelling their organizations, however business achievement additionally relies upon understanding individual cut off points, and creating techniques and frameworks to rise above these breaking points. Although many business magazines publish long lists of entrepreneurial traits, entrepreneurship is more a way of thinking and behaving than a set of specific, sharply defined character traits.