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This book analyses the reasons for women’s participation in the various Lebanese and Palestinian militias involved in the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). Whilst most existing accounts of the Civil War in Lebanon either overlook the roles and experiences of women entirely or focus on women as victims or peacemakers only, ‘Women and the Lebanese Civil War’ highlights that women were involved as militants (and often also as fighters) in all of the militias partaking in the war. Analysing individual motivations, organisational characteristics, security-related aspects and societal factors, the book explains why women were included as fighters in some of the militias but not in others. Based on extensive fieldwork in Lebanon, the book is the first comprehensive study of female perpetrators and supporters of political violence during the Lebanese Civil War. Beyond the case of Lebanon, it questions widespread assumptions about the roles of women at times of violent conflict and war.
This book challenges the assumption that men write of war, women of the hearth. The Lebanese war has seen the publication of many more works of fiction by women than by men. Miriam Cooke has termed these women the Beirut Decentrists, as they are decentered or excluded from both literary canon and social discourse. Although they may not share religious or political affiliation, they do share a perspective which holds them together. Cooke traces the transformation in consciousness that has taken place among women who observed and recorded the progress towards chaos in Lebanon. During the so-called "two year" war of 1975-76 little comment was made about those (usually men in search of economic security) who left the saturnalia of violence, but with time attitudes changed. Women became aware that they had remained out of a sense of responsibility for others and that they had survived. Consciousness of survival was catalytic: the Beirut Decentrists began to describe a society that had gone beyond the masculinization normal in most wars and achieved an almost unprecedented feminization. Emigration, the expected behavior for men before 1975, became the sin qua non for Lebanese citizenship. The writings of the Beirut Decentists offer hope of an escape from the anarchy. If men and women could espouse the Lebanese women's sense of responsibility, the energy that had fueled the unrelenting savagery could be turned to reconstruction. But that was before the invasion of 1982.
"This work is totally original; indeed, it pioneers a new field. . . . A remarkable account of a dimension of war that is much neglected. . . . It is deeply passionate yet non-judgmental. It raises profound questions about the pacific 'nature' of women as they find themselves in the painful circumstance of contradiction and crisis. This book truly becomes an historical record of these tragic years."--Richard A. Lobban, Jr., Rhode Island College These authors examine the impact on women of the 1975-90 civil war in Lebanon, the lengthiest and bloodiest in its recent history. While they describe war as a more potent oppressor of women than of men, they also credit it with offering women liberation from all forms of social strictures. The authors also refute the assumption that women are pacifists by nature, contending that women are as aggressive and militarily active as men, given the same conditions. I. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. History of the War 3. Women before the War II. The Public Sphere 4. Women in the Public Sphere, by Lamia Rustum Shehadeh III. Creative Women 5. Mapping Peace, by Miriam Cooke 6. A Panorama of Lebanese Women Writers, 1975-1995, by Mona Takieddine Amyuni 7. Lebanon Mythologized or Lebanon Deconstructed: Two Narratives of National Consciousness, by Elise Salem Manganaro 8. Art, the Chemistry of Life, by Lamia Rustum Shehadeh IV. Women at War 9. Women in the Lebanese Militias, by Lamia Rustum Shehadeh 10. Lebanese Shii Women and Islamism: A Response to War, by Maria Holt 11. Maman Aida--A Lebanese Godmother of the Combatants, by Kari H. Karame 12. From Gunpowder to Incense, by Jocelyn Khweiri V. Foreign Women 13. Profiles of Foreign Women in Lebanon during the Civil War, by Mary Bentley Abu Saba VI. Psychological Sequelae 14. War Trauma and Women, by Leila Farhood 15. Women and the Lebanon Wars: Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, by Elie G. Karam 16. Gender Dual Diagnosis of Psychiatric Illness and Substance Abuse, by P. Yabroudi, E. G. Karam, A. Chami, A. Karam, M. Majdalani, and V. Zebouni VII. Conclusion A War of Survival, by E. G. Karam, N. Melhem and S. Saliba Lamia Rustum Shehadeh is associate professor of cultural studies at the American University of Beirut. She is the editor of several collections of writings of the Arab historian Asad J. Rustum and has published articles in International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Al-Raida, and Feminist Issues.
Despite sixteen years of civil war that left 150,000 dead, 425,000 injured, and nearly a million refugees within their own country, many Lebanese women successfully protected their national heritage and helped to restore order within their society. They formed schools and clinics, preserved historic ruins, and produced art that expressed the anguish and loss of their people. In this book, 42 Lebanese women from arts and literature, education, government, law, social work, the media, business and medicine discuss the effects of war on their careers and humanitarian efforts, their personal lives and families. Many of these women lost relatives and homes. In spite of such devastation, their stories confirm the power of endurance and also convey the significance of women's issues within Lebanon. These 42 poignant interviews with educated, successful women reveal their strength and the importance of culture and diversity within Lebanon.
In this text, the author explores what she argues is an indissoluble link between war and sexuality. She explores the connections among sexuality, war, nationalism, pacifism, violence, love and power as they relate to the body, the partner, the family, political ideologies and religion.
Provides new and original analysis on how Lebanese francophone women authors wrote about the Lebanese civil war
This book argues that women are caught between sect and nation in Lebanon due to the division between religious and civil law. Consequently, a dual struggle is necessary, the first for women's equal political and civil rights and the second for women's equal legal rights in relation to personal status law.
In Women and Gender in a Lebanese Village: Generations of Change, Nancy W. Jabbra presents a detailed analysis of change in gender roles in a Christian community in rural Lebanon.
A happily misanthropic Middle East divorcee finds refuge in books in a “beautiful and absorbing” novel of late-life crisis (The New York Times). Aaliya is a divorced, childless, and reclusively cranky translator in Beirut nurturing doubts about her latest project: a 900-page avant-garde, linguistically serpentine historiography by a late Chilean existentialist. Honestly, at seventy-two, should she be taking on such a project? Not that Aailiya fears dying. Women in her family live long; her mother is still going crazy. But on this lonely day, hour-by-hour, Aaliya’s musings on literature, philosophy, her career, and her aging body, are suddenly invaded by memories of her volatile past. As she tries in vain to ward off these emotional upwellings, Aaliya is faced with an unthinkable disaster that threatens to shatter the little life she has left. In this “meditation on, among other things, aging, politics, literature, loneliness, grief and resilience” (The New York Times), Alameddine conjures “a beguiling narrator . . . who is, like her city, hard to read, hard to take, hard to know and, ultimately, passionately complex” (San Francisco Chronicle). A finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and the National Book Award, An Unnecessary Woman is “a fun, and often funny . . . grave, powerful . . . [and] extraordinary” Washington Independent Review of Books) ode to literature and its power to define who we are. “Read it once, read it twice, read other books for a decade or so, and then pick it up and read it anew. This one’s a keeper” (The Independent)
In a book that radically and fundamentally revises the way we think about war, Miriam Cooke charts the emerging tradition of women's contributions to what she calls the "War Story," a genre formerly reserved for men. Concentrating on the contemporary literature of the Arab world, Cooke looks at how alternatives to the master narrative challenge the authority of experience and the permission to write. She shows how women who write themselves and their experiences into the War Story undo the masculine contract with violence, sexuality, and glory. There is no single War Story, Cooke concludes; the standard narrative—and with it the way we think about and conduct war—can be changed. As the traditional time, space, organization, and representation of war have shifted, so have ways of describing it. As drug wars, civil wars, gang wars, and ideological wars have moved into neighborhoods and homes, the line between combat zones and safe zones has blurred. Cooke shows how women's stories contest the acceptance of a dyadically structured world and break down the easy oppositions—home vs. front, civilian vs. combatant, war vs. peace, victory vs. defeat—that have framed, and ultimately promoted, war.