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Conifer Cold Hardiness provides an up-to-date synthesis by leading scientists in the study of the major physiological and environmental factors regulating cold hardiness of conifer tree species. This state-of-the-art reference comprehensively explains current understanding of conifer cold hardiness ranging from the gene to the globe and from the highly applied to the very basic. Topics addressed encompass cold hardiness from the perspectives of ecology, ecophysiology, acclimation and deacclimation, seedling production and reforestation, the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, and methods for studying and analyzing cold hardiness. The content is relevant to geneticists, ecologists, stress physiologists, environmental and global change scientists, pathologists, advanced nursery and silvicultural practitioners, and graduate students involved in plant biology, plant physiology, horticulture and forestry with an interest in cold hardiness.
Commercial nurseries often grow containerized conifer seedlings for extended periods to reach pre-determined size & shoot/root ratio targets in order to enhance field survival. This report describes a study that addresses the consequences of this practice. In the study, investigators grew white spruce, red spruce, and eastern white pine in three hard-wall container types and three mesh-covered soil plug types. Seedlings were grown either for a short period designed to produce sufficient rooting in hard-wall plugs to facilitate extraction & handling, or for an extended growing period designed to produce large seedlings with low shoot/root ratios. The results compare field growth of seedlings from the two rearing regimes and the implications for nursery practice are discussed.
Overwintering of container-grown tree seedlings carries with it the risk of damage and mortality from low root temperatures and dessication, an important consideration to many nursery operators, especially for those who need to carry a crop outside over winter. This study was undertaken to examine root temperatures associated with overwintering in an outdoor compound, to review the literature to obtain information on root temperatures at which reduced seedling viability results, and to evaluate the potential of underground heating for ameliorating container temperatures. Winter moisture stress was also considered. A test plot was set up over the 1987-8 winter at the Joffre nursery of Naval Enterprises, a commercial producer of tree seedlings. The plot was about 20 feet square and a centre area was heated from below by an electric heater. Moisture stress was monitored using a pressure chamber.
Presents information on the target plant concept; addressing plant quality; harvesting; plant storage; handling and shipping; and outplanting.
This publication comprises the proceedings of the first International Conference devoted to the structural roots of trees and woody plants. 'The Supporting Roots - Structure and Function,' 20-24 July 1998, Bordeaux, France. The meeting was held under the auspices ofIUFRO WPS 2. 01. 13 'Root Physiology and Symbiosis,' and its aim was to bring together scientific researchers, foresters and arboriculturalists, to discuss current problems in structural root research and disseminate knowledge to an audience from a wide disciplinary background. For the first time in an international conference, emphasis was placed on presenting recent reseach in the field of tree anchorage mechanics and root biomechanics. The way in which tree stability can be affected by root system symmetry and architecture was addressed, as well as how movement during wind sway can influence the development and shape of woody roots. The role of different nursery and planting techniques was discussed, in relation to effects on root system form and development. Root response to different environmental stresses, including water, temperature, nutrient and mechanical stress was addressed in detail. The structure and function of woody roots was also considered at different levels, from coarse to fine roots, with several papers discussing the interaction between roots and the rhizosphere. One of the conference highlights was the presentation of new methods in root research, by a series of workshops held at LRBB-INRA, Pierroton, on the northern border of the Gascony forest.