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The first part of this two-part study assesses the performance of US firms, plants, and workers engaged in export activity, compared with their nonexporting counterparts. It summarizes new statistical evidence, with case studies, on how exports have more value to more people than appreciated.
The second part of this two-part study documents the superior performance of export plants and firms, as well as their workers in all skill categories, relying on data from 1992 through 1995. Among new findings are stronger and more stable employment growth for exporters.
Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.

Why Exports Matter

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Taxation and Finance

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 176


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This paper identifies some of the main determinants of exports and economic growth in cross-sectional data from the World Bank, covering 160 countries in the period 1985-1994. First, the linkages between the propensity to export and population, per capita income, agriculture, primary exports, and inflation are studied by statistical methods. Then, the relationship between economic growth and some of the above-mentioned determinants of exports and investment are scrutinized the same way. The main conclusion is that, in the period under review, high inflation and an abundance of natural resources tended to be associated with low exports and slow growth.
This study appears in two parts, both of which are featured in this set. The authors assess questions such as whether export commitments cause superior performance or whetehr the two factors are merely correlated, and whether imports and outsourcing are offset to the findings about exports.
Changing Patterns of Global Trade outlines the factors underlying important shifts in global trade that have occurred in recent decades. The emergence of global supply chains and their increasing role in trade patterns allowed emerging market economies to boost their inputs in high-technology exports and is associated with increased trade interconnectedness.The analysis points to one important trend taking place over the last decade: the emergence of China as a major systemically important trading hub, reflecting not only the size of trade but also the increase in number of its significant trading partners.
Measuring the effects of international trade on labor market outcomes has never been more important given the increasing interconnections among economies around the globe. However, using measures of exposure to trade flows based on gross exports may lead to a misleading picture given that production processes have essentially become globalized, allowing firms to have access to imported inputs as an example. We consider the effects of international trade by building a model with firm heterogeneity where firms have the ability to offshore the production of inputs. Our model highlights that international trade offers an opportunity for firms to become more productive by engaging in off-shoring activities while they face competition from imports of final goods in the domestic market. We then construct a measure of U.S. exposure to Chinese goods using value added trade to analyze its effects on U.S. local labor markets. Using value added trade, we find that continuously rising exports from China to the U.S. do not have significant effects on employment and wages. We further decompose the measure of exposure into value added trade in intermediate and in final goods. In line with the theoretical framework, we find that an increase in value added exports from China in final goods leads to a decrease in employment across U.S. local labor markets, while the effects from a change in the exposure to trade in intermediate goods are not significant.
The main objective of this study is to examine the long-run relationship between export upgrading and economic growth for 67 countries over the period of 1984-2013. For this purpose, a panel cointegration framework that allows to control for parameters heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence and non-stationarity has been deployed. Empirical results yield evidence of a positive and significant effect of export upgrading on economic growth for the full-sample and high-income panels, while this effect is negative and significant for low-income countries and insignificant for middle-income countries. Particularly, our findings show evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship for the global and high-income panels. However, for low-income countries relationship between export complexity and economic growth was found to be U-shaped. These results are robust to several robustness checks and have important policy implications. In developed countries, excessive export complexity may be job-destructive and thereby threatens long-run growth and prosperity. For non-developed countries, exports diversification should be prioritized during the first stages of development. Industrial upgrading should not be considered as a strategic economic policy before the economy reaches a minimum level of maturity.