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The investigation of whistlers and related phenomena is a key element in studies of very-low-frequency propagation, satellite communication, the outer ionosphere, and solar-terrestrial relationships. This comprehensive text presents a history of the study of the phenomena and includes all the elements necessary for the calculation of the characteristics of whistlers and whistler-mode signals. An introduction and brief history are followed by a summary of the theory of whistlers and a detailed explanation of the calculation of their characteristics. Succeeding chapters offer a complete atlas of a variety of whistlers, including those observed in satellites and those generated by nuclear explosions; the results of satellite observation of whistler-mode propagation; the method of reducing whistler data and obtaining electron density information; a full atlas of the various kinds of emissions; and an outline and comparison of the theories of generation of emissions.
In this volume, the authors present theoretical explanations for a few basic problems connected with the propagation of extra wide band, short impulses in linear media, and with the propagation of whistlers and megawhistlers in plasmas. In addition, the book provides an overview of ground and space based measurements, digital processing and signal analysis. The theoretical treatment in this volume is original in the sense that, unlike former solutions, the authors present a fundamentally non-monochromatic approach. A key feature of this approach is the application of the `Laplace Transformation' and the `Method of Inhomogeneous Basic Modes' to solve Maxwell's equations. It is shown that when the obtained theoretical results are applied to digital recordings, the wave analysis process becomes so flexible that it can also be used to investigate other wave propagation problems. These are both terrestrial phenomena (like atmospheric and seismic activity, buried target detection, etc.) and phenomena in space (planetary, interplanetary, plasmaspheric, whistler and megawhistler propagation). The book is aimed at a technical and professional audience working on whistler science and/or wave propagation problems.
Contributed articles presented at the Workshop.
Earth Sound Earth Signal is a study of energies in aesthetics and the arts, from the birth of modern communications in the nineteenth century to the global transmissions of the present day. Grounded in the Aeolian sphere music that Henry David Thoreau heard blowing in telegraph lines and in the Aelectrosonic sounds of natural radio that Thomas Watson heard in telephone lines, the book moves through the histories of science, media, music, and the arts to the 1960s, when the composer Alvin Lucier worked with the ""natural electromagnetic sounds"" present from ""brainwaves to outer.
In the years since the pioneering efforts of Sir Edward Appleton, M. A. F. Barnett, G. Breit, and M. A. Thve, many radio techniques have been employed to investigate the terrestrial ionosphere. The purposes of this book are to exam ine the basic physical interaction process of radio waves with the ionosphere, scrutinize each of the radio techniques currently in use, and describe the elements of each technique, as well as assess their capabilities and limitations. I have included some of the history of each technique, since we often tend to forget the efforts of the "pioneers". The interaction of radio waves with the terrestrial ionosphere has been described in considerable detail in several "classic" treatments, e.g., Ratcliffe (1959), Al'pert (1963), Budden (1961) and Davies (1965), Rishbeth and e.g., Flock (1979), Davies Garriott (1969), and in other more recent books, (1990), Hargreaves (1979), and Budden (1985). A few of the radio techniques have been described by Hargreaves (1979) and a book by Giraud and Petit (1978) has also included discussion of several of the techniques. The "WITS" handbook No. 2 (1989) also contains description of several radio techniques.
This special issue of Space Science Reviews contains selected papers on electromagnetic man-made and natural environmental interactions. Originally these papers were pre sented at the Fifth International Wrocfaw Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Wroclaw (Poland), 17-19 September, 1980, a biennial gathering of scientists and engineers. At that time, the symposium organizers selected a few persons of recognized authority and invited them to organize special sessions. Session organizers were given a free hand in the choice of topics and speakers. As a result, several impressive papers originated and a number of interesting people came to Wroclaw to discuss the recent results of their research. Professor Hiroshi Kikuchi from the Nihon University (J apan) was among them, serving as one of the most effective invited session chairmen/organizers at the symposium. The papers presented here were read at Prof. Kikuchi's session. At the symposium they received considerable attention not only because of the fascinating personalities and temperaments of the authors, but mainly because of the timeliness and soundness of their content. Their topic links both scientific and engineering fields in making attempts to resolve these kinds of specific hybrid problems. The problems discussed appear to be of interest not only to the EMC* community but also to a broader forum of persons interested in the areas of electrical and space science, and engineering in general. This opinion was confirmed during the URSI** symposium in Washington, D. C.
Theory of Ionospheric Waves
The participation of such diverse scientific and technical disciplines as meteorology, astronomy, atmospheric electricity, ionospheric and magnetospheric physics, electromagnetic wave propagation, and radio techniques in the research of atmospherics means that results are published in scientific papers widely spread throughout the literature. This Handbook collects the latest knowledge on atmospherics and presents it in two volumes. Each chapter is written by an expert in his or her field. Topics include the physics of thunderclouds, thunder, global atmospheric electric currents, biological aspects of sferics, and various space techniques for detecting lightning within our own atmosphere as well as in the atmospheres of other planets. Up-to-date applications and methodology are detailed. Volumes I and II offer a comprehensive discussion that together will serve as an important resource for practitioners, professionals, and students alike.
A modern treatment of the physics and phenomena of the ionosphere, beginning with the basics of radio propagation and the use of radio techniques in ionospheric studies. Ample cross-referencing, chapter summaries and reference lists make this book an invaluable aid for graduate students, ionospheric physicists and radio engineers.