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The use of educational interventions following traffic citations has become a common practice in nearly all states across the United States. Although there is an underlying assumption that educational intervention will reduce the rate of recurring citations and crashes, little evaluation of programs across the country has been completed. Following the review of the evaluations conducted in six of the states that offer educational interventions, such as Traffic Survival School, a brief survey was conducted with the schools contracted with the Arizona Department of Transportation to assess the level of effectiveness of programs. Since the schools have no contract clause requiring evaluative measures of the programs, none of the schools conducted any formal evaluation of the program offered. Data for drivers referred to Traffic Survival School during the calendar year 2001 (high-risk offenders) were compared with data for drivers who received a citation during 2001, but were not referred to a Traffic Survival School (low-risk offenders). There is little difference in the rate of receiving another citation between the drivers who complete Traffic Survival School and those who were not referred to school. Those who opted to have their license suspended did show a significantly higher number of citations than those who were not referred. The long-term effect of attending a Traffic Survival School or having a license suspended is minimal as more than 80% of each group who do receive another citation will do so in the first year. This is significantly higher than the lower risk drivers, at 62%. Crash rates among those who are referred to a Traffic Survival School are significantly higher than those who are not referred. In all groups the incidence of crashes is significantly reduced, but the biggest reduction is seen, again, in drivers who have their license suspended.
From a public health perspective, motor vehicle crashes are among the most serious problems facing teenagers. Even after more than six months of being licensed to drive alone, teens are two to three times more likely to be in a fatal crash than are the more experienced drivers. Crash rates are significantly higher for male drivers, and young people in the United States are at greater risk of dying or being injured in an automobile than their peers around the world. In fact, in 2003 motor vehicle crashes was the leading cause of death for youth ages 16-20 in the United States. Understanding how and why teen motor vehicle crashes happen is key to developing countermeasures to reduce their number. Applying this understanding to the development of prevention strategies holds significant promise for improving safety but many of these efforts are thwarted by a lack of evidence as to which prevention strategies are most effective. Preventing Teen Motor Crashes presents data from a multidisciplinary group that shared information on emerging technology for studying, monitoring, and controlling driving behavior. The book provides an overview of the factual information that was presented, as well as the insights that emerged about the role researchers can play in reducing and preventing teen motor crashes.
Examines deaths, injuries, and property damage from traffic crashes. Evans (research scientist, General Motors Research Labs, Warren, Michigan) applies the methods of science to illuminate the characteristics of these problems--their origin and nature as well as their severity. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Under certain adverse driving conditions, often times the driver of a vehicle has inadequate training or education and ends up taking wrongful action leading to severe crashes. The purpose of this research was to determine the state-of-the-art practices in educating drivers for safety in certain adverse driving conditions and to develop a realistic module of a driver education program addressing that topic. In addition, the research sought to determine whether any relevant laws and regulations related to driving in the State of Arizona need to be changed in order to properly address safety under adverse driving conditions. The study consisted of four main tasks, which included a literature review, statistical analysis of Arizona crash data, a survey of other states regarding their driver education programs, and targeted case studies of selected states and other private or semi-government agencies involved in driver education curriculum development and implementation. It is the recommendation of this report that Arizona continue its on-going efforts to convene a driver education task force consisting of both Arizona Department of Education and Motor Vehicle Department representatives with the goal of developing uniform standards for both driver education curriculum and training for driver education instructors to apply to both the public school driver education program and the professional driver training schools. In addition, because Arizona does not have an existing state-level driver education curriculum, the state should adopt a complete driver education curriculum as opposed to a module geared towards adverse driving conditions. That said, should that effort not be possible, it is the recommendation of this report that one of the two adverse conditions related modules (Montana or Texas/Virginia). Both of these modules are well designed and thorough and both would serve Arizona well. They are similar in their coverage of adverse driving conditions. The choice between the two would come down to Arizona's preference between the NIDB model with which the Montana curriculum is more closely aligned, and the ADTSEA model with which the Virginia/Texas module is more closely aligned.
There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.