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This exhaustive bilingual dictionary is the culmination of years of collaboration between educators, linguistic scholars and community informants from the White Mountain Apache Tribe. It also includes dialectical variants from other communities, including the San Carlos Tribe. The dictionary has been compiled with the goal of creating a living, working dictionary that will be of value for cultural, educational, and practical purposes. Among these are the teaching of Western Apache to children, the retention and expansion of the oral and written languages, and the preservation of traditional ceremonial songs and oral history. More widely, the dictionary will be useful to Apaches and non-Apaches in practical applications such as medicine, social work, education, and human services. It also provides through its definitions a wealth of culture, history, and lore supplied by the many community informants.
This remarkable book introduces us to four unforgettable Apache people, each of whom offers a different take on the significance of places in their culture. Apache conceptions of wisdom, manners and morals, and of their own history are inextricably intertwined with place, and by allowing us to overhear his conversations with Apaches on these subjects Basso expands our awareness of what place can mean to people. Most of us use the term sense of place often and rather carelessly when we think of nature or home or literature. Our senses of place, however, come not only from our individual experiences but also from our cultures. Wisdom Sits in Places, the first sustained study of places and place-names by an anthropologist, explores place, places, and what they mean to a particular group of people, the Western Apache in Arizona. For more than thirty years, Keith Basso has been doing fieldwork among the Western Apache, and now he shares with us what he has learned of Apache place-names--where they come from and what they mean to Apaches. "This is indeed a brilliant exposition of landscape and language in the world of the Western Apache. But it is more than that. Keith Basso gives us to understand something about the sacred and indivisible nature of words and place. And this is a universal equation, a balance in the universe. Place may be the first of all concepts; it may be the oldest of all words."--N. Scott Momaday "In Wisdom Sits in Places Keith Basso lifts a veil on the most elemental poetry of human experience, which is the naming of the world. In so doing he invests his scholarship with that rarest of scholarly qualities: a sense of spiritual exploration. Through his clear eyes we glimpse the spirit of a remarkable people and their land, and when we look away, we see our own world afresh."--William deBuys "A very exciting book--authoritative, fully informed, extremely thoughtful, and also engagingly written and a joy to read. Guiding us vividly among the landscapes and related story-tellings of the Western Apache, Basso explores in a highly readable way the role of language in the complex but compelling theme of a people's attachment to place. An important book by an eminent scholar."--Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.
Seven essays, collected here for the first time, define some of the central concerns of linguistic anthropology through the close study of Western Apache, a language of astonishing complexity. All of the essays have been revised for this anthology. Basso, a major authority in the field of linguistic anthropology, has drawn on fieldwork at the village of Cibecue, whose residents speak a dialect of Western Apache that is spoken nowhere else. He shows how intricacies of language—place names, metaphor, uses of silence—help a people define their very existence, so that, in the words of one Apache woman, "If we lose our language, we will lose our breath; then we will die and blow away like leaves." His essays amply demonstrate that, while Apache language and culture are changing in response to modernization, they remain intricate, vital and unique. These essays illustrate not only the complexity of a particular cultural world as it has emerged to one observer over a protracted period of intensive fieldwork, but also the natural movement from the study of grammatical categories to that of language use and on to the study of the conceptual system underlying it. Each essay addresses a significant theoretical problem; taken together they constitute a microcosm of the anthropological understanding of language. CONTENTS The Western Apache Classificatory Verb System: A Semantic Analysis Semantic Aspects of Linguistic Acculturation A Western Apache Writing System: The Symbols of Silas John "Wise Words" of the Western Apache: Metaphor and Semantic Theory "To Give Up on Words": Silence in Western Apache Culture "Stalking With Stories": Names, Places, and Moral Narratives among the Western Apache "Speaking with Names": Language and Landscapes among the Western Apache
English-Apache vocabulary, compiled in 1893 by Johannes Plocher. The vocabulary lists words in English, from "abdomen" to "Zuni Indians," followed by their equivalents in the language of the San Carlos and White Mountain Apache Indians. Definitions include sentences in Western Apache illustrating the uses of each word, with English translations of the sentences given in red ink. Also included are several short glossaries for days of the week, local geographical names, names of Indian tribes and bands, and masculine and feminine Indian names.
English-Apache vocabulary, compiled in 1893 by Johannes Plocher. The vocabulary lists words in English, from "abdomen" to "Zuni Indians," followed by their equivalents in the language of the San Carlos and White Mountain Apache Indians. Definitions include sentences in Western Apache illustrating the uses of each word, with English translations of the sentences given in red ink. Also included are several short glossaries for days of the week, local geographical names, names of Indian tribes and bands, and masculine and feminine Indian names
Drawing on current theory in symbolic anthropology and sociolinguistics, this interpretive essay investigates a complex form of joking based on material collected in a Western Apache community wherein Apaches stage carefully crafted imitations of Anglo-Americans.