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In Law and the Imagination in Medieval Wales, Robin Chapman Stacey explores the idea of law as a form of political fiction: a body of literature that blurs the lines generally drawn between the legal and literary genres. She argues that for jurists of thirteenth-century Wales, legal writing was an intensely imaginative genre, one acutely responsive to nationalist concerns and capable of reproducing them in sophisticated symbolic form. She identifies narrative devices and tropes running throughout successive revisions of legal texts that frame the body as an analogy for unity and for the court, that equate maleness with authority and just rule and femaleness with its opposite, and that employ descriptions of internal and external landscapes as metaphors for safety and peril, respectively. Historians disagree about the context in which the lawbooks of medieval Wales should be read and interpreted. Some accept the claim that they originated in a council called by the tenth-century king Hywel Dda, while others see them less as a repository of ancient custom than as the Welsh response to the general resurgence in law taking place in western Europe. Stacey builds on the latter approach to argue that whatever their origins, the lawbooks functioned in the thirteenth century as a critical venue for political commentary and debate on a wide range of subjects, including the threat posed to native independence and identity by the encroaching English; concerns about violence and disunity among the native Welsh; abusive behavior on the part of native officials; unwelcome changes in native practice concerning marriage, divorce, and inheritance; and fears about the increasing political and economic role of women.
"Medieval Wales had a separate system of law to that found in England, and the law has been preserved in several medieval manuscripts. Whilst the purpose of the law manuscripts was to lay down the legal complexities of the era, what has been preserved can also be read as fascinating literature in medieval Welsh. An important element to the law manuscripts is the large collections of legal triads (lists of threes), probably composed for educational, mnemonic purposes, which offer a real insight into the workings of medieval Welsh law." "The Legal Triads of Medieval Wales is an new study and the first full exploration into the legal triads - among the largest collections of triads found in Welsh - covering almost every aspect of medieval Welsh law. Each triad is set in its literary and legal context, with a full edited text, translation and notes for each triad found in the law manuscripts." --Book Jacket.
This study examines the structure of the early medieval Welsh landscape. Using a cantref (hundred) in south-west Wales as a case study, it draws on a multidisciplinary, comparative analysis to overcome the limits imposed by restricted material culture survival and limited written sources. It examines the patterns of power and habitual activity that defined spaces and structured lives, and considers the temporal relationships, both seasonal and longue durée, that shaped them. Four key findings are presented. Firstly, that key areas of early medieval life - agriculture, tribute-payment, legal processes and hunting - were structured by a longstanding seasonal patterning that is preserved in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Welsh law, church and well dedications and fair dates. Secondly it presents, at cantref level, the first systematic survey of assembly site evidence in Wales, and sets it in comparative context. Thirdly, it demonstrates that, though poor material culture preservation and limited written records have hitherto restricted identification and characterisation of key locations in the early medieval Welsh landscape, a multidisciplinary dataset allows effective identification of focal zones through indicators known from other areas of north-west Europe. Fourthly, the widely-used 'multiple estate model' is found to be an inadequate descriptor of the early medieval Welsh landscape. An alternative approach is proposed. Methodologically, it demonstrates the value of a multidisciplinary approach, especially the systematic use of place-names which is novel in a Welsh context. It also provides key resources for other researchers by geolocating pre-1700 place-names from a previously published survey; creating GIS resources (polygons and geolocated databases) from the 1840s tithe map and schedules for parishes in its detailed case study areas; and providing a geolocated database of 16th-century demesne and Welsh-law landholdings in the cantref.
The studies in this volume range across literature, archaeology, law and theology and show IrelandÃ?Â?Ã?Â?and Wales as societies in close contact. --- Contents: Proinsias Mac Cana, Ireland and Wales in the Middle Ages: an overview; Iwan Wmffre (UU), Post-Roman Irish settlements in Wales; Catherine Swift (Mary I, Limerick), Welsh ogamsÃ?Â?Ã?Â?from an Irish perspective; Susan Youngs (Reading U), Britain, Wales and Ireland: holding things together; Alex Woolf (St Andrews), The expulsion of the Irish from Dyfed; Karen Jankulak (U Wales, Lampeter), British saints, Irish saints, and the Irish in Wales; ColmÃ?Â?Ã?¡n Etchingham (NUIM), Viking-age Gwynedd and Ireland; John Carey (UCC), Bran son of Febal and BrÃ?Â?Ã?Â[n son of Llyr; Morfydd Owen (Aberystwyth), Medieval Irish and Welsh law; Jonathan Wooding (U Wales, Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Lampeter), Coastal chapels in Ireland and Wales; Robert Babcock (Hastings College, Nebraska), Rhys Ap Gruffudd and RuaidrÃ?Â?Ã?Â- Ua Conchobair compared; Madeleine Gray (U Wales, Newport) & Salvador Ryan (NUIM), Mother of Mercy.
This book surveys the economy of Wales from the first Norman intrusions of 1067 to the Act of Union of England and Wales in 1536. Key themes include the evolution of the agrarian economy; the foundation and growth of towns; the adoption of a money economy; English colonisation and economic exploitation; the collapse of Welsh social structures and rise of economic individualism; the disastrous effect of the Glyndŵr rebellion; and, ultimately, the alignment of the Welsh economy to the English economy. Comprising four chapters, a narrative history is presented of the economic history of Wales, 1067–1536, and the final chapter tests the applicability in a Welsh context of the main theoretical frameworks that have been developed to explain long-term economic and social change in medieval Britain and Europe.
Although the legends of Arthur have been popular throughout Europe from the Middle Ages onwards, the earliest references to Arthur are to be found in Welsh literature, starting with the Welsh-Latin Historia Brittonum dating from the ninth century. By the twelfth century, Arthur was a renowned figure wherever Welsh and her sister languages were spoken. O. J. Padel now provides an overall survey of medieval Welsh literary references to Arthur and emphasizes the importance of understanding the character and purpose of the texts in which allusions to Arthur occur. Texts from different genres are considered together, and shed new light on the use that different authors make of the multifaceted figure of Arthur – from the folk legend associated with magic and animals to the literary hero, soldier and defender of country and faith. Other figures associated with Arthur, such as Cai, Bedwyr and Gwenhwyfar, are also discussed here.
A ground-breaking study of the lawbooks which were created in the changing social and political climate of post-conquest Wales.
By 1300, a region often referred to as the March of Wales had been created between England and the Principality of Wales. This March consisted of some forty castle-centred lordships extending along the Anglo-Welsh border and also across southern Wales. It took shape over more than two centuries, between the Norman conquest of England (1066) and the English conquest of Wales (1283), and is mentioned in Magna Carta (1215). It was a highly distinctive part of the political geography of Britain for much of the Middle Ages, yet the medieval March has long vanished, and today expressions like 'the marches' are used rather vaguely to refer to the Welsh Borders.What was the medieval March of Wales? How and why was it created? The March of Wales, 1067-1300: A Borderland of Medieval Britain provides comprehensible and concise answers to such questions. With the aid of maps, a list of key dates and source material such as the writings of Gerald of Wales (c.1146-1223), this book also places the March in the context of current academic debates on the frontiers, peoples and countries of the medieval British Isles.