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This monograph emphasizes modifications in flow behavior that are caused by formation heterogeneity, making the exposition useful to both the novice looking for a general understanding and the experienced analyst looking to improve, or find alternatives to, existing methodology. Organizes a diverse body of information that is scattered throughout the international petroleum and groundwater literature. Illustrates the limitation of most current interpretational procedures, which are based upon theories developed for homogeneous rock, rather than formations, and presents the basic mathematical theories that have been advanced to describe pressure behavior in heterogeneous rock. Covers a wide variety of heterogeneities, including: lateral permeability variation, vertical stratification, and natural fractures. Also discusses sealing faults, interbedded shales, sand pinch-outs, and finite drainage areas. The influence of gas-oil and water-oil contacts within well drainage areas on the pressure performance. Actual text data are used to illustrate theoretical developments.
This reference presents a comprehensive description of flow through porous media and solutions to pressure diffusion problems in homogenous, layered, and heterogeneous reservoirs. It covers the fundamentals of interpretation techniques for formation tester pressure gradients, and pretests, multiprobe and packer pressure transient tests, including derivative, convolution, and pressure-rate and pressure-pressure deconvolution. Emphasis is placed on the maximum likelihood method that enables one to estimate error variances in pressure data along with the unknown formation parameters. - Serves as a training manual for geologists, petrophysicists, and reservoir engineers on formation and pressure transient testing - Offers interpretation techniques for immediate application in the field - Provides detailed coverage of pretests, multiprobe and packer pressure transient tests, including derivative, convolution, and pressure-rate and pressure-pressure deconvolution
Well Test Analysis for Multilayered Reservoirs with Formation Crossflow introduces the fundamentals of well test analysis of a multilayered reservoir with formation crossflow. The effects of reservoir parameters on wellbore pressure and flow rate are examined, as is a proper method that has been established to analyze well test data that leads to better determinations on the reservoir parameters for each layer of the reservoir. Focusing on multilayer models for data analysis, this reference explains the reasons for the existence of single-phase crossflow in multilayer reservoirs, exploring methods to establish them and presenting practical applications to utilize and implement for today's more complex reservoirs. Aiding in better well testing operations and models, this book is a one-stop solution for today's reservoir and production engineer, helping them understand every layer of their reservoir. - Includes real-world examples of well testing through multilayered reservoirs, whether with crossflow or with formation crossflow - Provides strong guidance and criteria of research on reservoir dynamic performance, such as physical models and mathematical models - Includes a new unsteady crossflow model for vertical interference testing in low-permeability zones - Describes interpretation methods for different cases in multilayer reservoirs, including a new model called semipermeable walls for stratified reservoirs, drawdown test procedures and layer-by-layer test procedures that are useful for shales between layers
The TDS technique is a practical, easy, and powerful tool for well test interpretation. It uses characteristic features and points found on the pressure derivative versus time plot, so that reservoir parameters can be easily calculated by using several analytic expressions. Most calculations can be verified more than once and applied to systems where the conventional straight-line method has no applications. This book deals with well tests run in elongated systems, partially completed/penetrated wells, multirate tests, hydraulically fractured wells, interference tests, and naturally fractured reservoirs. This technique is used in all commercial well-testing software. Its use is the panacea for well test interpretation and can also be extended to rate-transient analysis, although not shown here.
Scientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fractures--a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storage--has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations. The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled? Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices. With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Oil Well Testing Handbook is a valuable addition to any reservoir engineer's library, containing the basics of well testing methods as well as all of the latest developments in the field. Not only are "evergreen" subjects, such as layered reservoirs, naturally fractured reservoirs, and wellbore effects, covered in depth, but newer developments, such as well testing for horizontal wells, are covered in full chapters. - Covers real-life examples and cases - The most up-to-date information on oil well testing available - The perfect reference for the engineer or textbook for the petroleum engineering student
Dynamic Well Testing in Petroleum Exploration and Development, Second Edition, describes the process of obtaining information about a reservoir through examining and analyzing the pressure-transient response caused by a change in production rate. The book provides the reader with modern petroleum exploration and well testing interpretation methods, including their basic theory and graph analysis. It emphasizes their applications to tested wells and reservoirs during the whole process of exploration and development under special geological and development conditions in oil and gas fields, taking reservoir research and performance analysis to a new level. This distinctive approach features extensive analysis and application of many pressure data plots acquired from well testing in China through advanced interpretation software that can be tailored to specific reservoir environments.
This book on well test analysis, and the use of advanced interpretation models is volume 3 in the series Handbook of Petroleum Exploration and Production.The chapters in the book are: Principles of Transient Testing, Analysis Methods, Wellbore Conditions, Effect of Reservoir Heterogeneities on Well Responses, Effect of Reservoir Boundaries on Well Responses, Multiple Well Testing, Application to Gas Reservoirs, Application to Multiphase Reservoirs, Special Tests, Practical Aspects of Well Test Interpretation.
In spite of many years of intensive study, our current abilities to quantify and predict contaminant migration in natural geological formations remain severely limited. The heterogeneity of these formations over a wide range of scales necessitates consideration of sophisticated transport theories. The evolution of such theories has escalated to the point that a review of the subject seems timely. While conceptual and mathematical developments were crucial to the introduction of these new approaches, there are now too many publications that contain theoretical abstractions without regard to real systems, or incremental improvements to existing theories which are known not to be applicable. This volume brings together articles representing a broad spectrum of state-of-the-art approaches for characterization and quantification of contaminant dispersion in heterogeneous porous media. Audience: The contributions are intended to be as accessible as possible to a wide readership of academics and professionals with diverse backgrounds such as earth sciences, subsurface hydrology, petroleum engineering, and soil physics.