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This volume includes measures of control of aquatic vegetation that harms human health, since water-related diseases exist in this environment. Although malaria has receded internationally due to the combined chemotherapeutic-insecticidal programs, recently it has resisted both medicines and insecticide control. Active malaria cases in the U.S. were fewer than a dozen before the Vietnam War, but in 1973 the figure was ab out 700, almost all traceable to returning military personnel. The disease could again become prevalent. Other diseases exist whose transmission is indirectly affected by aquatic weed conditions including filariasis, and various trematodiases, especially from the schistosomes, Chinese liver fluke, cattle liver fluke, Guinea worm, giant intestinal fluke, Asiatic lung fluke, and broad tapeworm. Waterweeds also support disease-pest arthropods, i.e., snipe flies, tabanids (horse, gad, deer, and greenheads), Clear Lake gnats, Mayflies, black flies, sandflies, and sewage flies.Ecosystem studies of impounded water research and development of herbivorous fish, and utilization of herbivorous fish in China, are also included in this volume.
Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. - Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case - Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques - Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future - Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts
Biological control of weeds has been practiced for over 100 years and Australia has been a leader in this weed management technique. The classical example of control of prickly pears in Australia by the cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum, which was imported from the Americas, helped to set the future for biocontrol of weeds in many countries. Since then there have been many projects using Classical Biological Control to manage numerous weed species, many of which have been successful. Importantly, there have been no serious negative non-target impacts - the technique, when practiced as it is in Australia, is safe and environmentally friendly. Economic assessments have shown that biocontrol of weeds in Australia has provided exceedingly high benefit-to-cost ratios. This book reviews biological control of weeds in Australia to 2011, covering over 90 weed species and a multitude of biological control agents and potential agents. Each chapter has been written by practicing biological control of weeds researchers and provides details of the weed, the history of its biological control, exploration for agents, potential agents studied and agents released and the outcomes of those releases. Many weeds were successfully controlled, some were not, many projects are still underway, some have just begun, however all are reported in detail in this book. Biological Control of Weeds in Australiawill provide invaluable information for biological control researchers in Australia and elsewhere. Agents used in Australia could be of immense value to other countries that suffer from the same weeds as Australia. The studies reported here provide direction to future research and provide examples and knowledge for researchers and students. KEY FEATURES * A unique collation of information for Australian weed research and management * Contains all the information about biological control of weeds in Australia in one book * Provides key references for further information * Will become a well cited publication
Includes papers and abstracts dealing with eradication of invasive species in Alaska, Australia, Baker Island, California, Christmas Island, Enderby and Rose Islands, Galapagos Islands, Hawaii, Howland Island, Japan, Jarvis Island, Laysan Island, Lord Howe Island, Mauritius, Mexico, Nauru, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Northern Mariana Islands, Saint-Paul Island, Seychelles, West Indies.
Aquatic plants continue to create problems associated with navigation, flood control, agriculture, irrigation and drainage, values of lands, conservation of wildlife and fisheries, and water resource supply. While much research is being done to find more effective and economic control measures, there is now a great need to apply known facts to achieve a measure of control by the means available. It is the purpose of this volume to provide a scientifically documented treatise of the known facts as they apply to the control of aquatic weeds in river basins and their allied waterways with particular emphasis on alligator weed and water hyacinth.