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We delve into The Function of Reason(In English, 2023 Revision). Prologue. Whitehead (1861-1947) is a philosopher from England. He asserts that reason is an impulse toward empty concreteness. That impulse is not empty. It is a fundamental force that can give birth to something. This impulse of mind is appetition, which is an inherent agent of transcendental goals. Therefore, empty concreteness is embodied as material enjoyment. Whitehead\'s reason cannot exist without appetition. Jeong Yi-cheon of the Northern Song Dynasty, who developed Neo-Confucianism, also believed that the main body cannot be separated from the phenomenon. Whitehead advocates Plato, stating that all of Western philosophy is just a footnote to Plato\'s philosophy. However, he overcomes Plato by creating his own organic philosophy. Nietzsche, Marx, and Freud are also critics of the Platonic system. Plato\'s original sin is his ideology that isolates humans from the world and alienates them for 2000 years. Idea corresponds to all phenomena in a monolithic and organic manner. Whitehead can be seen as a Copernican Übermensch. ‘The Function of Reason’ is a lecture given at Princeton University in 1929. This book provides an easy and condensed summary of a long and difficult text.
We delve into The Zhuangzi(In English, 2023 Revision). Prologue. Zhuang Zhou, commonly known as Zhuangzi, was born in Meng in the state of Song during the Warring States period. Meng is currently located in the north of Sang-gu, Hanam Province. The estimated dates of his life are approximately 369-286 BC. This was the era of King Hui of the Yang dynasty and King Seon of the Qi dynasty. After working as a manager at Chilwon for a while, he did not hold any official positions for the rest of his life. Instead, he devoted himself to writing and interacted with the prime ministers of his time. In a turbulent and unstable era, he viewed the world through the lens of Taoism. His ideas, which diverged from conventional reality, had a significant influence on Chinese culture. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang canonized the Zhuangzi as one of the Chinese classics and bestowed upon it the honorific title \'True Scripture of Southern Florescence\'. The philosophy of Zhuangzi also had a profound impact on Zen Buddhism during the Tang dynasty, leading to its flourishing. It is believed that the original Zhuangzi consisted of fifty-two sections, but only thirty-three sections by Guo Xiang (AD.252-312) have been reported. Guo Xiang of the Northern Song Dynasty divided it into seven sections called \'inner chapters\', fifteen sections called \'outer chapters\', and eleven sections called \'miscellaneous chapters\'. The \'inner chapters\' provide a descriptive overview of the themes of each chapter and are considered the purest form of Zhuangzi\'s philosophy. On the other hand, the \'outer and miscellaneous chapters\' provide more detailed insights into the disciples. There is a saying that the Zhuangzi is a commentary on Laozi\'s teachings, but this is an exaggerated denunciation. The Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text, treats the philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi as unique thoughts within a philosophical system. Zhuangzi reinterprets the Tao proposed by Laozi in the form of stories, presenting it in a new way. Through his writings, he embodies Laozi\'s ideas and awakens the concept of the Great Integrity.
We delve into The Diamond Sutra(In English, 2023 Revision). Prologue. The Diamond that cuts through illusion is the last sutra of the World-Honored One. It contains so much valuable wisdom. Staying in Anathapindika’s garden in the Jeta Grove near Sravasti, the Buddha awakens the Great Integrity. He teaches to break free from ignorance and agony to discover the original nature. He urges to cease rational thinking with serene sensibility and wisdom. The entire composed world is like a dream or an illusion, similar to dewdrops or lightning flashes.
We delve into Psychology of the Unconscious(In English, 2023 Revision). Prologue. Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist. In 1902, he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Zurich. He conducted extensive research under the supervision of psychologist Eugen Bleuler, who was a professor at the university. While collaborating with Freud, he began to study psychology in-depth. In 1908, at the age of 34, he co-founded the International Psychoanalytic Society with Freud. In 1912, after publishing \'Transformation and Symbolism of the Libido\', he ended his professional relationship with Freud due to differences in their views on the unconscious mind. At the age of 44 in 1918, he further developed his theory of in-depth psychology, introducing the concept of the \'collective unconscious.\' To study archetypes in the collective unconscious, he conducted comparative research in cultural and religious history. In 1930, he presented a paper that discussed the theoretical considerations of prototypes. In 1935, he organized and led the Eranos Conference, a gathering of scholars from around the world. Focusing on the influence of the collective unconscious\'s prototypes on personality and self-awareness, he immersed himself in the study of alchemy. In 1948, the Jung Institute was established in Zurich, Switzerland. In 1953, the complete English edition of his works was published. \'Psychology of the Unconscious\' was written in 1912 when Jung was 38 years old. Jung explores the unconscious world by analyzing Miss Miller\'s fantasy system. Through a transcendent desire that surpasses time and space, he seeks to understand the nature of human conflicts. By uncovering the common threads connecting ancient times, he expands the understanding of the unconscious and develops intellectual insight. This book provides a concise summary of a lengthy and challenging text.
Prologue. In baseball and soccer, the outcome is determined by the coach\'s tactics. To maximize performance and profits, it is necessary to delight customers and fans with quick information gathering and accurate analysis based on vast data. The coach, who is responsible for the entire game, must respect the individuality of the players, acknowledge the unique authority of the coaches, and accommodate the demands of the audience, while also considering the strategy for player placement based on the opposing team. Despite the limited capacity of the coach, the responsibility for poor performance is absolute, so fundamentally, leading players and coaches to victory and success requires deep knowledge of baseball and soccer. We approach baseball tactics through an understanding of pitching, catching, hitting, defense, and base running, and examine soccer tactics by analyzing the four-back formation and three-back formation. In the Major League and Premier League, a manager is a condensed version of a strategist. We wander through the forests of baseball and soccer while reflecting on the fierce lives depicted in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Prologue. Homer and Hesiod, who encapsulated human desires and ideals, as well as human limitations and imagination, highlight humanity through their mythological elements. Unlike Bulfinch, who viewed myths as tools for Enlightenment teachings, Homer and Hesiod prioritize human values such as honor, courage, and labor. For them, the Greek human is a curious being, questioning everything and exploring to understand, embodying a fantastical race. They challenge the authority of the gods by integrating the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences into a systematic conception of knowledge. Stripping away the myths shrouded in clouds, they reveal the clarity of all concepts under the bright Mediterranean sunlight. Dutch historian Johan Huizinga also illuminated the dark ages with his work "The Autumn of the Middle Ages" (1919), encouraging a deeper perspective on life through the living humanities. Through humanistic thought grounded in history, we come to understand and engage with the world. By probing into humanistic questions and answers, we uncover symbols of play embedded in the twilight and moonlight, filling life with fantasy. The quality of fantasy is determined by the accumulated knowledge and intellectual capacity of individuals. When the journey of fantasy is beneficial and enjoyable, it transforms into genuine play, yielding riches for oneself and others.
Prologue. Money governs our values and judgments, harshly testing our perception and weight of life. Without a philosophical understanding of money, passion for money falls into pathological obsession and distorts into neurotic greed. Based on the philosophy of money, if life is constantly filled with fantasy and investment, the journey of life as Homo Ludens, the playing man, begins. Understanding money, which is both a concrete object and an abstract symbol, widely and deeply, is not easy, but it approaches money through the philosophy, symbols, wars, worlds, and aesthetics of money. Based on the philosophy of money, we examine the concreteness and abstractness of money, focusing on substance rather than pretext, as the basis of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom. With wisdom and reverence for both the concrete and abstract aspects of money, we affirm the beauty of life.
Prologue. Dutch historian Johan Huizinga (1872-1945) released \"The Autumn of the Middle Ages\" in 1919, offering profound insights into the medieval era and shedding light on its dark times. With a deep understanding of language, Huizinga becomes captivated by play and devotes himself to the study of games within the course of history. The medieval period is a beautiful sunset that occurs as darkness descends, symbolized by sunsets and moonlight. Culture emerges from play as a bud of the Renaissance. The ideal life rooted in the era of the red dusk consists of three paths. Firstly, it involves escaping from the mundane world, denying worldly pleasures absolutely. Secondly, it involves striving to change the world, ardently desiring a transformed society. Thirdly, it involves filling life with fantasy, living life as a game.
Prologue. Due to the impact of ethnic circumstances left in history, the ethnic characteristics remain, approaching the humanities journey through the clarity of comprehensive historiography. Following the trajectory of the history of each country, changed at the whims of the goddess of luck, Fortuna, the humanities journey explores the paths of history. In contrast to the Tu\'kke of Greek mythology, who left luck to the dice, in Roman mythology, Fortuna determines destiny with a wheel. We traverse James Joyce and Shakespeare\'s England, Dante Alighieri and Leonardo da Vinci, Umberto Eco\'s Italy, Rubens\'s Belgium, Nikos Kazantzakis\'s Greece, Milan Kundera\'s Czechoslovakia, Descartes and Vincent van Gogh, Sartre\'s France, and Dostoevsky\'s Russia. The internal meaning of history involves the exploration of truth, thought, and effort to approach it, as well as the investigation of causes and origins. In the timeless hours between the dog and the wolf, we revel in the freedom that transcends all formality during that elusive evening time. Embarking on a humanities journey through comprehensive historiography, we explore the world. Humanities travel is enriching when life itself is beautiful.
Prologue. Through the historical narrative presented in the film, we gain insights into America, a pivotal force in the world. The stories of 46 U.S. presidents and 10 movies allow us to delve into the intense conflict between the silver and gold standards throughout American history. The Roman Empire serves as another pivotal force in the world, with its core bases shifting from Rome to Constantinople (Istanbul) in the Eastern Roman Empire, Frankfurt and Vienna in the Holy Roman Empire, London in England, and Washington in the United States since 751 B.C. A fierce battle for money, power, and honor ensues over the inheritance of the Roman legal system, involving key players like the Medici family (1382-1743), the Rothschild family, and the U.S. Federal Reserve. The United States, being the first country in the world to adopt a presidential system, faces skepticism from European politicians who believe this political experiment will fail within a few years. Despite expectations that a strong president may seek extended terms resembling royal politics, the United States establishes itself as a model country for democracy, with the presidential system providing the power to lead the world. From the first president, George Washington, onwards, a commitment to the constitutional promise of a limited term of office is strictly adhered to, and the presidential system takes root through the peaceful transfer of power via elections. The primary election system for various political offices prevents the tyranny of bribery and abuse of party power, ensuring a more democratic process. In contrast to the Eastern style of leadership characterized by boss-type interpersonal relationships, the U.S. presidential system relies on communication with voters to verify one\'s insight and judgment. The U.S. Federal Reserve, described as a global central bank created by Jews, is positioned as a temple of modern capitalism on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It plays a crucial role in determining the economic conditions of the contemporary world, with key figures like Jerome Hayden Powell leading the institution.