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Rezûme: Monitoring kačestva vod v byvšem SSSR i Rossijskoj Federacii : ocenka analitičeskih metodov.
Presented book is a scientific thesis for obtain Degree of Master of Sciences in Environmental Sciences and Policy granted to author in the year 1998 by two institutions – The University of Manchester (UK) and CEU (USA-Hungary). This paper has been published and keeps in a library of University. During past two decades – after a paper has been presented – environmental sciences, policy and practice in Russia remarkably declined. It is why an author supposed to revitalize interest to this issue
A Water Quality Assessment of the Former Soviet Union focuses on water quality issues using examples from around the former Soviet Union. It covers the background to the natural water resources and composition of surface and ground waters in the former Soviet Union and then proceeds to examine the influence of human activity on those resources and
A Water Quality Assessment of the Former Soviet Union focuses on water quality issues using examples from around the former Soviet Union. It covers the background to the natural water resources and composition of surface and ground waters in the former Soviet Union and then proceeds to examine the influence of human activity on those resources and water quality systems. With more than one hundred line illustrations and tables, the long-term detailed case studies of the Lower Don Basin, the Amu Darya river, the Rybinsk reservoir, the Dnieper river, Lakes Baikal and Ladoga, and water resources in Moscow and the Moscow region, this will enable valuable lessons in environmental management to be learnt. A Water Quality Assessment of the Former Soviet Union is a valuable source of up-to-date information and case studies for the professional in government, national and international organisations, and water utilities. It will be a useful reference in research institutes and university libraries.
In this book a brief description of monitoring systems of the most developed countries of the world (the USA, Canada, European states) and Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS/WATER) is given. A structure of a state monitoring system of inland surface waters of the Russian Federation including the subsystems of surveillance, operational and special types of monitoring is considered in detail. A large section of the book is dedicated to the results of full-scale ecological modelling and a study of intrabasin processes as a basis for ecological standardisation. A methodology for complex assessment of water quality is analysed and the most recognised and official method in Russia for complex assessments of ISW pollution level is described.
Jonathan D Oldfield provides a detailed assessment of the changing relationship between Russian society and the wider environment since the fall of the Soviet Union. Through this, he highlights the need to critically evaluate assumptions regarding the post-Soviet environment, in order to move beyond generalization and engage meaningfully with the particularities of Russia's contemporary environmental situation. The book begins by focusing on the nature of Soviet environmental legacies as a necessary backdrop to the remainder of the study. This is followed by a general examination of the relationship between economic change and pollution output during the course of the 1990s. Further chapters provide in depth analysis of recent legislative and policy developments in the area of environmental protection and an exploration of emerging pollution and environmental quality trends at both the national and regional level. In addition, the book highlights pressures that are related to Russia's engagement with the global economy.
This book argues that the Soviet Union was a highly influential actor in furthering understandings of society-nature interaction on the international stage and played a key role in helping to shape, conceptualize and assess the relationship between humankind and the Earth system. It considers how humankind’s capacity to affect physical and biological systems at a global scale was acknowledged and studied by Soviet scientists, discusses how the interaction between Soviet and Western scientists stimulated the development of new technologies and insights, which simultaneously facilitated a more profound understanding of the Earth’s physical and biological systems, and explores how Soviet scientists drew upon pre-revolutionary intellectual traditions in order to make sense of society-nature interaction and did so in collaboration with a range of international initiatives. Overall, the book provides a deep analysis of how Soviet scientists conceptualized society-nature interaction and influenced the understanding of global physical and biological systems. Furthermore, it is argued that this intellectual legacy remains of importance today with respect to the activities of Russian science and contemporary global environmental challenges.
The globalization of trade, monetary and fiscal policies, capital markets, and investment patterns is reshaping the world economy and is leading to new financial, commercial, and marketing structures as well as unprecedented economies of scale. Simultaneously, national and international awareness and to strengthen. There is consensus among responses to accelerating environmental degradation continue most developed countries that the rapidly evolving new economic order needs to be well integrated with policies to maintain or restore environmental quality. Many challenges remain, however, in evaluating the geo-ecological implications of economic globalization, and in formulating the appropriate management responses. In lakes and rivers, the management of water supply and quality has largely proceeded on the basis of local considerations rather than at the global scale that has been more typical of environmental management of the atmosphere and ocean. It is increasingly apparent, however, that high-quality water resources are now in critically short supply not only because of local problems such as over-irrigation and eutrophication, but also as a result of larger-scale climate effects on the hydrosphere. This magnitude of impact will increasingly require the integrated monitoring and management of water resources on a planetary scale, with world criteria for environmental assessment, restoration, and conservation strategies. The increasing extent of world trade in potable freshwater heightens the urgency for establishing international approaches, criteria, and regulations.