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This book covers the major polluting chemicals affecting fisheries in European fresh waters and the effort required to extend the work towards the preparation of critical reviews on less important chemicals would be out of proportion to the benefits obtained.
Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish, Second Edition, is a collection of 12 technical papers on water quality criteria for European freshwater fish, together with a report on fish toxicity testing procedures that have been produced for the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC)—an intergovernmental organization with a current membership of 24 countries. Each chapter reviews a particular water quality characteristic for European inland fisheries, although the effects of mixtures with other harmful substances have been described for some of them. These characteristics include water quality criteria for finely suspended solids and pH values; water temperature; the effect of ammonia; phenolic wastes; dissolved oxygen; chemistry and toxicology of chlorine; and toxicity of zinc, copper, and cadmium. The reports in this volume will be useful not only to the member countries of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, but also to those concerned with the management of inland waters and their fishery resources in other continents.
In dit rapport worden criteria genoemd voor de waterkwaliteit van Europese zoetwatervis en het bevat een kritisch literatuuroverzicht over de aanwezigheid en de effecten van nikkel in zoetwater. De werkingswijze van nikkel en de factoren die de korte en langdurige toxiciteit tijdens de verschillende levenscycli van vis beinvloeden, zijn gedetailleerd weergegeven
The preface of a book often provides a convenient place in which the author can tender his apologies for any inadequacies and affords him the facility to excuse himself by reminding the reader that his art is long but life, or at least the portion of it in which he has the opportunity for writing books, is short. I, too, am deeply conscious that I have undertaken a task which I could not hope to complete to my own satisfaction but I offer, in self defence, the observation that, inadequate though it is, there is no other book extant, so far as I am aware, which provides the information contained herein within the covers of a single volume. Often during the last decade, in discharging my responsibilities for the environmental aspects of the water authority's operations and works, I should have been deeply grateful to have had access to a compendium such as this. The lack of a convenient source of data made me aware of the need which I have attempted to fill and in doing so I have drawn on my experiences of the kinds of problem which are presented to biologists in the water industry. The maxim 'half a loaf is better than none' seems particularly apt in this context.
For water pollution control purposes, the concentration-addition model for describing the joint effects of mixtures of toxicants on aquatic organisms is appropriate; in this model the contribution of each component in the mixture is expressed as a proportion of the aqueous concentration producing a given response in a given time. Examination of available data using this model shows that for mixtures of toxicants found in sewage and industrial effluents, the joint acutely-lethal toxicity to fish and other aquatic organisms is close to that predicted assuming simple addition of the proportional contribution from each toxicant. The observed median value for the joint effect of these toxicants on fish is 0.95 of that predicted, and the corresponding collective value for sewage effluents, river waters, and a few industrial wastes, based on the toxicity of their constituents, is 0.85, while that for pesticides is 1.3. The less-than-additive effect of commonly-occurring toxicants in some mixtures may be partly attributable to small fractions of their respective LC50 values having little or no additional effect.
Ten well-known experts in their specific field illustrate and discuss the fundamentals of the effects of pollution on fresh water organisms, populations and communities, providing an up-to-date picture of research on this crucial problem
The Symposium on stock enhancement discussed two aspects of management of freshwater fisheries by manipulation of stocks. The first of these was stocking with native species and it was concluded that there is a general paucity of information on the success and failure of current stocking practices in most species. The second aspect was the introduction of species exotic to the European national faunas. Here, the risks of such introductions were discussed and it was recommended that the formulation of a Code of Practice to reduce the risk of such adverse effects should be undertaken.