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Featuring papers from the Ninth International Conference on Water Pollution, this volume covers coastal areas and seas, lakes and rivers, groundwater and aquifer issues, oil spills, agricultural contamination, environmental monitoring and sensing, and remote sensing applications.
This volume contains over sixty-five state-of-the-art contributions from international scientists and researchers working on various aspects of the monitoring, simulation and management of air pollution. Emphasis is placed on the development of experimental and computational techniques which can be used as tools to aid solutions and understanding. The papers included were first presented at the ninth in a highly successful series of international conferences on this challenging problem and cover topics such as: Turbulence Modelling; Air Quality Management; Chemical Transformations; Health Problems; Aerosols and Particles; Urban Air Pollution and Transport Emissions; Pollution Engineering; Pollution Management and Control; Policy of Strategic Issues; Air Pollution Modelling; and Data Acquisition and Analysis.
In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style.
Biochemical ecology is here presented only in the context of water pollution. This is not to minimize the importance of land animals and plants in their environment or the significance of air pollution as it relates to ecology. It merely indicates that water pollution is a problem of sufficiently broad magnitude to warrant consideration by itself. Water pollution is a problem which requires the attention of a variety of disciplines. The presentation tends therefore to follow the problem ap proach, as do most interdisciplinary topics. An appreciation of various viewpoints is needed among chemists, ecologists, economists, engineers, lawyers, limnologists, managers, microbiologists, and politicians, whose communications are often "hung up" in each other's jargon. Perhaps the presentation is too elementary at times. This was done in an attempt to bridge the diverse backgrounds of those concerned with the subject. It is hoped that engineers, economists, biologists, public servants, and others will gain a greater appreciation of the interrelationship of gross observations and biological events that occur at the cellular and molecular level. Lack of such understanding is, to a large extent, the reason for our present environmental condition. At other times the presentation is perhaps too technical. This was done on the assumption that some information on chemical details may not be readily available but is desirable for an "in depth" appreciation of the biochemical events encountered in water pollu tion.
Water Pollution XII contains the proceedings of the 12th International Conference in the series of Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Water Pollution. The book will be of interest to scientists, managers and academics from different areas of water contamination. The environmental problems caused by the increase of pollutant loads discharged into natural water bodies required the formation of a framework for regulation and control. This framework needs to be based on scientific results that relate pollutant discharge with changes in water quality. The results of these studies allow industry to apply more efficient methods of controlling and treating waste loads, and water authorities to enforce appropriate regulations regarding this matter. Environmental problems are essentially interdisciplinary. Engineers and scientists working in this field must be familiar with a wide range of issues including the physical processes of mixing and dilution, chemical and biological processes, mathematical modelling, data acquisition and measurement to name but a few. In view of the scarcity of available data, it is important that experiences are shared on an international basis. Thus, a continuous exchange of information between scientists from different countries is essential. Topics covered include: Water quality; Groundwater and aquifer issues; Environmental monitoring and control; Water management; Remediation; Pollution prevention; Lakes and rivers; Agricultural contamination; Wastewater treatment and management; Offshore pollution and oil spills; Emerging technologies; Biosensors and biosystems; Health risk studies; Modelling and simulation; Pharmaceutical and pesticides pollution; Monitoring and modelling integration; Risk assessments; Socio-economic-political consequences; Education and training.
Presents an examination of the scale of water pollution problems, and, through case studies, explores the type of investigations biologists need to undertake in solving them. The text draws comparisons between British and European practice,