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IRRIGATION Management Institute (IIMI) and the Tropical Agriculture Research Center (TARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan, initiated a collaborative study in August 1991. This joint study is focused on small-scale tank irrigation systems which are spread over the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, and is conducted with the assistance of Sri Lanka's Department of Agrarian Services
This report on small tank cascade systems is based on a study conducted on seven tank cascades of the Walawe river basin, one of the three main river basins in the Ruhuna benchmark basins selected by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for its benchmark basin study.The overall objective of this study is to document the situation of small tank cascade systems in the basin, paying special attention to their evolution under agro-ecological, socio-economic and institutional changes on an unprecedented scale in the country after the introduction of open market economic policies in the 1970s, and thereby to contribute to the existing knowledge on small tank cascades, a key feature of water resources in the Dry zone regions2 of Sri Lanka since time immemorial.
Introduction; Tank irrigation modernization project; Gal Oya Water management project; Major irrigation rehabilitation project; Uda Walawe rehabilitation project; Irrigation systems management project; Experiences and lessons learned; Research issues for further investigations.
The core of this study involved an examination and analysis of certain key features of the traditional small tank cascade systems: a) the location and design of the systems in the past b) the hydro-system which considers the overall hydrological balance and groundwater conditions c) maintenance and tank use d) tank management and integration with local farming systems.
Researchers have studied various aspects of the ancient civilization of Sri Lanka and probed deeply into the subject of village tank clusters (tank cascade systems) during the last 4 decades. A wealth of information was gathered and the knowledge of many components has been updated. This book brings you this updated information. The author brings new definitions of tank cascade systems and cascade ecology. The book begins with the historical perspective and moves on to explain various aspects, step by step, such as geography, geology and geomorphology, soil and climate, surface and groundwater, traditional agriculture and water management, flora and fauna, recent studies and the restoration of cascade ecology. The book will interest geomorphologists, geologists, geographers, archaeologists, ecologists, and historians. Specifically, university lecturers, students and researchers will find interest in these pages and may utilize the content to prepare their study materials.