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Ponds (lagoons) have been used for centuries with great success in the treatment of wastewater. Ponds created for treatment, known as stabilization ponds, model the physical and biochemical interactions that occur in natural ponds. Easy to build and manage, stabilization ponds can accommodate large fluctuations in flow, and provide results that are
The importance of pond technology is now recognized globally and indeed is undergoing a renaissance at the present time. It was therefore no surprise that scientists and engineers from over 25 countries presented their most recent findings at the Marrakech conference. The choice of Morocco was especially appropriate as it, like most countries of the Magreb, has actively endorsed and implemented the use of waste stabilization ponds as a preferred wastewater treatment technology. The need to reuse treated wastewater is a key component of the water cycle in such water-short regions, and the crucial role that ponds can play in the safe reuse of effluents, particularly for agriculture, has also been recognized and supported by active research at institutions all round the world. This issue contains a selection of the papers presented both in the oral and poster sessions at the conference and should prove very informative for those who wish to keep abreast of developments in the field. Among the 52 papers selected from the oral and poster sessions for these proceedings are work on the performance of ponds systems worldwide, pond microbiology, nutrient removal, pond sludges and sediments, pond design and modeling, high-rate ponds, and effluent reuse.
Waste Stabilisation Ponds is the third volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The major variants of pond systems are fully covered, namely: facultative ponds anaerobic ponds aerated lagoons maturation ponds The book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects, operational guidelines and sludge managment for pond systems. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds Volume; 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
A review of published literature and field evaluations revealed the presence of over 3500 waste treatment lagoons currently in operation in the United States. The three types of lagoons in use include: Oxidation lagoons; Aerated lagoons; and Anaerobic lagoons. Oxidation lagoons depend upon algae to supply oxygen by photosynthesis and degrade the waste products. Effluent quality is determined by the quantity of algae in the effluent and several methods of algae removal are currently under investigation. Aerated lagoons may be merely oxidation ponds with supplemental aeration, partially mixed activated sludge (facultative aerated) or complete mix activated sludge (CMAS) systems. Anaerobic lagoons can provide up to 80% BOD removals, but must be followed by some type of aerobic treatment to produce a high quality effluent. The review has demonstrated that lagoons do have applicability to the total waste treatment problem.