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Water pollution caused by wastewater persists despite three decades of effort to clean up European surface waters and despite the requirements of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). Several EU Member States have yet to satisfy the requirements of the directive. A European Commission report released in 2004 noted that several countries had failed to designate sensitive areas and were behind schedule in establishing the capacity of sewage treatment as required by the directive deadlines in 1998 and 2000. As the next deadline is approaching at the end of 2005, for extending sewage treatment to urban areas with more than 2000 inhabitants, the EEA has acknowledged the need to improve our understanding of the inherent implementation problem. This pilot study examines the water quality situation and objectives of 6 Member States of the EU, including, Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Spain, Estonia and Poland, with a comparative analysis and conclusions.
Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation in a manner that protects human health and the environment are key development and welfare issues. Water resources vary greatly throughout Europe and within regions, and future water availability is likely to be influenced by a number of factors including climate change, especially in coastal areas. This joint report by the European Environment Agency and the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe highlights the state of Europe's water resources, their health implications, and policy initiatives to address these issues. Aspects considered include: drinking and recreational water quality; health impacts such as waterborne diseases and sanitation; irrigation, industrial and agricultural practices; and water pollution.
This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.
This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.
Recoge: Parte I: 1.Introduction - 2.Charges as instrument for water pollution - 3.Comparison and evaluation. Parte II: 1.Country descriptions. Description and evaluation of waste water charge schemes in the EU.