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The proceedings of the Los Angeles Caltech-UCLA 'Cabal Seminar' were originally published in the 1970s and 1980s. Wadge Degrees and Projective Ordinals is the second of a series of four books collecting the seminal papers from the original volumes together with extensive unpublished material, new papers on related topics and discussion of research developments since the publication of the original volumes. Focusing on the subjects of 'Wadge Degrees and Pointclasses' (Part III) and 'Projective Ordinals' (Part IV), each of the two sections is preceded by an introductory survey putting the papers into present context. These four volumes will be a necessary part of the book collection of every set theorist.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems, DCFS 2015, held in Waterloo, ON, Canada, in June 2015. The 23 full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. The subject of the workshop was descriptional complexity. Roughly speaking, this field is concerned with the size of objects in various mathematical models of computation, such as finite automata, pushdown automata, and Turing machines. Descriptional complexity serves as a theoretical representation of physical realizations, such as the engineering complexity of computer software and hardware. It also models similar complexity phenomena in other areas of computer science, including unconventional computing and bioinformatics.
The third in a series of four books presenting the seminal papers from the Caltech-UCLA 'Cabal Seminar'.
The proceedings of the Los Angeles Caltech-UCLA 'Cabal Seminar' were originally published in the 1970s and 1980s. Large Cardinals, Determinacy and Other Topics is the final volume in a series of four books collecting the seminal papers from the original volumes together with extensive unpublished material, new papers on related topics and discussion of research developments since the publication of the original volumes. This final volume contains Parts VII and VIII of the series. Part VII focuses on 'Extensions of AD, models with choice', while Part VIII ('Other topics') collects material important to the Cabal that does not fit neatly into one of its main themes. These four volumes will be a necessary part of the book collection of every set theorist.
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This is an expository account of work on strong forms of the Axiom of Determinacy (AD) by a group of set theorists in Southern California, in particular by W. Hugh Woodin. The first half of the book reviews necessary background material, including the Moschovakis Coding Lemma, the existence of strong partition cardinals, and the analysis of pointclasses in models of determinacy. The second half of the book introduces Woodin's axiom system $mathrm{AD}^{+}$ and presents his initial analysis of these axioms. These results include the consistency of $mathrm{AD}^{+}$ from the consistency of AD, and its local character and initial motivation. Proofs are given of fundamental results by Woodin, Martin, and Becker on the relationships among AD, $mathrm{AD}^{+}$, the Axiom of Real Determinacy, and the Suslin property. Many of these results are proved in print here for the first time. The book briefly discusses later work and fundamental questions which remain open. The study of models of $mathrm{AD}^{+}$ is an active area of contemporary research in set theory. The presentation is aimed at readers with a background in basic set theory, including forcing and ultrapowers. Some familiarity with classical results on regularity properties for sets of reals under AD is also expected.
Numbers imitate space, which is of such a di?erent nature —Blaise Pascal It is fair to date the study of the foundation of mathematics back to the ancient Greeks. The urge to understand and systematize the mathematics of the time led Euclid to postulate axioms in an early attempt to put geometry on a ?rm footing. With roots in the Elements, the distinctive methodology of mathematics has become proof. Inevitably two questions arise: What are proofs? and What assumptions are proofs based on? The ?rst question, traditionally an internal question of the ?eld of logic, was also wrestled with in antiquity. Aristotle gave his famous syllogistic s- tems, and the Stoics had a nascent propositional logic. This study continued with ?ts and starts, through Boethius, the Arabs and the medieval logicians in Paris and London. The early germs of logic emerged in the context of philosophy and theology. The development of analytic geometry, as exempli?ed by Descartes, ill- tratedoneofthedi?cultiesinherentinfoundingmathematics. Itisclassically phrased as the question ofhow one reconciles the arithmetic with the geom- ric. Arenumbers onetypeofthingand geometricobjectsanother? Whatare the relationships between these two types of objects? How can they interact? Discovery of new types of mathematical objects, such as imaginary numbers and, much later, formal objects such as free groups and formal power series make the problem of ?nding a common playing ?eld for all of mathematics importunate. Several pressures made foundational issues urgent in the 19th century.
This book bridges the gaps between logic, mathematics and computer science by delving into the theory of well-quasi orders, also known as wqos. This highly active branch of combinatorics is deeply rooted in and between many fields of mathematics and logic, including proof theory, commutative algebra, braid groups, graph theory, analytic combinatorics, theory of relations, reverse mathematics and subrecursive hierarchies. As a unifying concept for slick finiteness or termination proofs, wqos have been rediscovered in diverse contexts, and proven to be extremely useful in computer science. The book introduces readers to the many facets of, and recent developments in, wqos through chapters contributed by scholars from various fields. As such, it offers a valuable asset for logicians, mathematicians and computer scientists, as well as scholars and students.
Set theory is an autonomous and sophisticated field of mathematics that is extremely successful at analyzing mathematical propositions and gauging their consistency strength. It is as a field of mathematics that both proceeds with its own internal questions and is capable of contextualizing over a broad range, which makes set theory an intriguing and highly distinctive subject. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in set theory, providing fresh insights and points of view. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in mathematics, the history of philosophy, and any discipline such as computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration - Serves as a singular contribution to the intellectual history of the 20th century - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights