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Recent vision research has led to the emergence of new techniques that offer exciting potential for a more complete assessment of vision in clinical, industrial, and military settings. Emergent Techniques for Assessment of Visual Performance examines four areas of vision testing that offer potential for improved assessment of visual capability including: contrast sensitivity function, dark-focus of accommodation, dynamic visual acuity and dynamic depth tracking, and ambient and focal vision. In contrast to studies of accepted practices, this report focuses on emerging techniques that could help determine whether people have the vision necessary to do their jobs. In addition to examining some of these emerging techniques, the report identifies their usefulness in predicting performance on other visual and visual-motor tasks, and makes recommendations for future research. Emergent Techniques for Assessment of Visual Performance provides summary recommendations for research that will have significant value and policy implications for the next 5 to 10 years. The content and conclusions of this report can serve as a useful resource for those responsible for screening industrial and military visual function.
This study, part of a project on human factors in aircraft instrument lighting, has undertaken to determine how visual performance at low photopic brightness levels is affected by the brightness of an immediately preceding visual task. Two visual tasks were employed. In one, called the near task, subjects were required to read banks of photographic reproductions of instrument dials under instructions stressing speed and accuracy. The viewing distance was 28 inches, and three task brightnesses were employed: 2.9, 0.083, and 0.005 foot-lamberts. In the other, called the far task, subjects "read" banks of Landolt rings with speed and accuracy instructions. These were viewed periscopically at a distance of 18 feet, and five task brightnesses were used: 6.0, 0.076, 0.01, 0.007, and 0.0035 foot-lamberts. Subjects were high school and college students with excellent visual abilities. In Experiment I, subject (N=15) were visually adapted to the brightness level of the near task, performed the near task, then immediately were given the far task. All combinations of near and far brightnesses were used in a balanced experimental design. Experiment II was similar in all respects except that the subjects (N=12) first performed the far task then the near task. A third experiment was also carried out as a corroborative check on Experiment II.
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