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Never before have all twenty-nine illustrated copies of the Beatus Commentaries on the Apocalypse been brought together for comparative analysis in a single volume. John Williams, renowned expert on the Commentaries, offers here his updated considerations on the material, revising and summing up a lifetime of study on these strikingly illuminated manuscripts. Dating from the early to central Middle Ages, the Spanish phenomenon of the Commentary on the Apocalypse responded to differing monastic needs within the shifting context of the Middle Ages. The volume also presents an in-depth study of the recently discovered Geneva Beatus. One of only three Commentaries written outside the Iberian Peninsula, this manuscript closely follows a Spanish model but was written in a Beneventan script and painted in a style dramatically different from the original.
Never before have all twenty-nine illustrated copies of the Beatus Commentaries on the Apocalypse been brought together for comparative analysis in a single volume. John Williams, renowned expert on the Commentaries, offers here his updated considerations on the material, revising and summing up a lifetime of study on these strikingly illuminated manuscripts. Dating from the early to central Middle Ages, the Spanish phenomenon of the Commentary on the Apocalypse responded to differing monastic needs within the shifting context of the Middle Ages. The volume also presents an in-depth study of the recently discovered Geneva Beatus. One of only three Commentaries written outside the Iberian Peninsula, this manuscript closely follows a Spanish model but was written in a Beneventan script and painted in a style dramatically different from the original
From millenarists to Antichrist hunters, from the Sibyls to the Hussites, Visions of the End is a monumental compendium spanning the literature of the Christian apocalyptic tradition from the period A.D. 400 to 1500, masterfully selected and complete with a comprehensive introduction and new preface.
In Visions of Deliverance, Mayte Green-Mercado traces the circulation of Muslim and crypto-Muslim apocalyptic texts known as joferes through formal and informal networks of merchants, Sufis, and other channels of diffusion among Muslims and Christians across the Mediterranean from Constantinople and Venice to Morisco towns in eastern Spain. The movement of these prophecies from the eastern to the western edges of the Mediterranean illuminates strategies of Morisco cultural and political resistance, reconstructing both productive and oppositional interactions and exchanges between Muslims and Christians in the early modern Mediterranean. Challenging a historiography that has primarily understood Morisco apocalyptic thought as the expression of a defeated group that was conscious of the loss of their culture and identity, Green-Mercado depicts Moriscos not simply as helpless victims of Christian oppression but as political actors whose use of end-times discourse helped define and construct their society anew. Visions of Deliverance helps us understand the implications of confessionalization, forced conversion, and assimilation in the early modern period and the intellectual and theological networks that shaped politics and identity across the Mediterranean in this era.
This essay collection studies the Apocalypse and the end of the world, as these themes occupied the minds of biblical scholars, theologians, and ordinary people in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and Early Modernity. It opens with an innovative series of studies on “Gendering the Apocalypse,” devoted to the texts and contexts of the apocalyptic through the lens of gender. A second section of essays studies the more traditional problem of “Apocalyptic Theory and Exegesis,” with a focus on authors such as Augustine of Hippo and Joachim of Fiore. A final series of essays extends the thematic scope to “The Eschaton in Political, Liturgical, and Literary Contexts.” In these essays, scholars of history, theology, and literature create a dialogue that considers how fear of the end of the world, among the most pervasive emotions in human experience, underlies a great part of Western cultural production.
This book explores how the Spanish kingdoms were highly influenced by the arrival of the Dominican and Franciscan friars in the thirteenth century.
As the end of the first millennium drew near - a date when many expected the end of the world - the beleaguered Christian communities of Spain, still dominated by Islam, were experiencing a profound spiritual crisis. To make sense of their predicament, they turned to the Revelation of St John the Divine, in particular the commentary written three centuries before by the monk Beatus of Liebana, making of their illuminated manuscripts an art form of extraordinary expressive power. More than twenty of these manuscripts survive, dating from between 900 and 1100, all illuminated in a colorful style known as Mozarabic - a combination of Carolingian, Islamic, Byzantine and Visigothic art. The Beatus manuscripts are the largest, but not the only, body of such work; there are Bibles and a small number of other religious texts. All, however, share the same apocalyptic vision. Cut off from the rest of Europe and obsessed by the imminence of God's judgement, these artists invented a world peopled by angelic warriors, demons and beasts, exotic birds and serpents and luxuriant trees. This bizarre, psychologically fascinating world is revealed here in superb colour plates and finely detailed black and white illustrations. Mireille Mentre explores the context of the illuminations and explains their dense theological meaning without dissipating their magic.
A finalist for World Magazine's Book of the Year! Scholars, journalists, and even politicians uphold Muslim-ruled medieval Spain—"al-Andalus"—as a multicultural paradise, a place where Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived in harmony. There is only one problem with this widely accepted account: it is a myth. In this groundbreaking book, Northwestern University scholar Darío Fernández-Morera tells the full story of Islamic Spain. The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise shines light on hidden history by drawing on an abundance of primary sources that scholars have ignored, as well as archaeological evidence only recently unearthed. This supposed beacon of peaceful coexistence began, of course, with the Islamic Caliphate's conquest of Spain. Far from a land of religious tolerance, Islamic Spain was marked by religious and therefore cultural repression in all areas of life and the marginalization of Christians and other groups—all this in the service of social control by autocratic rulers and a class of religious authorities. The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise provides a desperately needed reassessment of medieval Spain. As professors, politicians, and pundits continue to celebrate Islamic Spain for its "multiculturalism" and "diversity," Fernández-Morera sets the historical record straight—showing that a politically useful myth is a myth nonetheless.
This classic bestseller — the inspiration for the PBS series — is an "illuminating and even inspiring" portrait of medieval Spain that explores the golden age when Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived together in an atmosphere of tolerance (Los Angeles Times). This enthralling history, widely hailed as a revelation of a "lost" golden age, brings to vivid life the rich and thriving culture of medieval Spain, where for more than seven centuries Muslims, Jews, and Christians lived together in an atmosphere of tolerance, and where literature, science, and the arts flourished. "It is no exaggeration to say that what we presumptuously call 'Western' culture is owed in large measure to the Andalusian enlightenment...This book partly restores a world we have lost." —Christopher Hitchens, The Nation