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This text examines the eyewear industry in America from 1900 to 2008, a period which mirrors an increased demand for eyewear. Eyeglasses, sunglasses and contacts are discussed. Topics covered include the marketing and selling of eyewear with particular attention paid to advertising strategies and the internal structures of the industry and its regulations, which have sometimes helped and sometimes hurt consumers. This critical examination reveals how a relatively simple and functional item such as corrective eyewear could be transformed through marketing into a fashion accessory and a personal statement.
The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels.
Offers an innovative study of visual traditions in modern medical history through debates about the causes, impact and spread of AIDS.
Independent Living Support - Vision Loss Resources in all states including Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands was written to help persons with low vision. This book will explain what low vision is, introduce the low-cost technology aids that are available, and offer you a way to get help locally by listing out the best resources in your community which can help you now. If you have low vision, you are not alone. According to the National Eye Institute, millions of Americans and about 135 million people worldwide have low vision. Having worked with technology in the blind and visually impaired field since 1990, I know this book is needed today. This book will give you some basic information about eye doctors, low vision, low-vision aids, and the great low-vision-support options in your state. I will describe the low-cost technology aids that can help you now and let you know where you can find them. Lastly, this book will provide you with contact information for the best organizations in your own state that can help you now. In 1985, author Patrick J. Fischer was sitting with his grandfather Francis, who had low vision and struggled with reading. He used a lighted magnifier with a 1.25-inch-square acrylic lens, which did help him read, although it was a very slow process. Grandpa told Patrick that day that reading was very important to him; all his life, he had read in order to learn new things and keep up with what was going on in his community. The importance of reading cannot be overstated-it allows us to learn, grow, worship, and imagine. Reading is fundamentally a part of healthy living which allows us to live independently, and that is why Patrick believes it is so crucial to help those with low vision retain the ability to read. Local resources and low-cost technology aides have greatly improved the lives of many people with vision loss, allowing them to live independently, but you may not have heard about all of them. Independent Living Support helps keep you abreast of these local resources and low-cost technology aides. Low vision may make daily activities difficult, but with the right resources and aids, a person can live independently. Independent Living Support is a simple book and one that makes a great resource for anybody with vision loss living in all states including Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. This book will also help a person with low vision regain his or her self-confidence by providing ways to accomplish daily activities, remain independent, and continue to read.
Literary and Visual Representations of HIV/AIDS: Forty Years Later depicts how film and literature about the HIV/AIDS crisis expand upon the issues generated by the epidemic. This collection fills an important gap in the scholarship on HIV/AIDS, by bringing together essays by both established and junior scholars on visual and literary representations of HIV/AIDS. Almost forty years after the first reported cases of what would later be defined as AIDS, this book looks back across the decades at works of literature and film to discuss how the representation of HIV/AIDS has shifted in media. This book argues that literature constitutes a very powerful response to AIDS that ripples into film and politics, driving the changes in past and contemporary representations of HIV/AIDS. The book also expands discussion of the issues generated and amplified by the epidemic to consider how HIV/AIDS has been portrayed in the United States, Western and Southern Africa, Western Europe, and East Asia.
Clearly organized and simply presented, The Low Vision Handbook for Eyecare Professionals, Second Edition offers an introduction to all aspects of low vision, including a short history of low vision and the basic optics of magnifiers. Updated and revised this second edition of The Low Vision Handbook for Eyecare Professionals provides practical material on assessing low vision patients, the psychology of visual loss, and ways to alleviate patients' common fears. Additionally, Barbara Brown explores current optical, nonoptical, and electronic devices and their appropriate uses for various patients. Additional features include: Case histories to explain some differences among patients at varying levels of vision loss Key points and study icons that highlight topics of interest for paraprofessionals studying for their certification exams Addresses and websites for vendors of low vision aids and devices Contact information for rehabilitation centers and support agencies to benefit visually impaired patients Multiple references and resources for further study The Low Vision Handbook for Eyecare Professionals, Second Edition is perfect for students of the ophthalmic and optometric sciences, introductory-level assistants and other medical office staff, as well as more experienced technicians. The easy-to-read format, user-friendly terminology, and resource information make it an invaluable book for all who assist low vision patients.
When children and adults apply for disability benefits and claim that a visual impairment has limited their ability to function, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) is required to determine their eligibility. To ensure that these determinations are made fairly and consistently, SSA has developed criteria for eligibility and a process for assessing each claimant against the criteria. Visual Impairments: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits examines SSA's methods of determining disability for people with visual impairments, recommends changes that could be made now to improve the process and the outcomes, and identifies research needed to develop improved methods for the future. The report assesses tests of visual function, including visual acuity and visual fields whether visual impairments could be measured directly through visual task performance or other means of assessing disability. These other means include job analysis databases, which include information on the importance of vision to job tasks or skills, and measures of health-related quality of life, which take a person-centered approach to assessing visual function testing of infants and children, which differs in important ways from standard adult tests.