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Leonardo wrote, “Mechanics is the paradise of the mathematical sciences, because by means of it one comes to the fruits of mathematics”; replace “Mechanics” by “Fluid mechanics” and here we are. - From the Preface to the Second Edition Although the exponential growth of computer power has advanced the importance of simulations and visualization tools for elaborating new models, designs and technologies, the discipline of fluid mechanics is still large, and turbulence in flows remains a challenging problem in classical physics. Like its predecessor, the revised and expanded Second Edition of this book addresses the basic principles of fluid mechanics and solves fluid flow problems where viscous effects are the dominant physical phenomena. Much progress has occurred in the half a century that has passed since the edition of 1964. As predicted, aspects of hydrodynamics once considered offbeat have risen to importance. For example, the authors have worked on problems where variations in viscosity and surface tension cannot be ignored. The advent of nanotechnology has broadened interest in the hydrodynamics of thin films, and hydromagnetic effects and radiative heat transfer are routinely encountered in materials processing. This monograph develops the basic equations, in the three most important coordinate systems, in a way that makes it easy to incorporate these phenomena into the theory. The book originally described by Prof. Langlois as "a monograph on theoretical hydrodynamics, written in the language of applied mathematics" offers much new coverage including the second principle of thermodynamics, the Boussinesq approximation, time dependent flows, Marangoni convection, Kovasznay flow, plane periodic solutions, Hele-Shaw cells, Stokeslets, rotlets, finite element methods, Wannier flow, corner eddies, and analysis of the Stokes operator.
Most of the fundamental concepts of unsteady viscous flows have been known since the early part of the century. However, the past decade has seen an unprecedented number of publications in this area. In this monograph I try to connect materials of earlier contributions and synthesize them into a comprehensive entity. One of the main purposes of a monograph, in my opinion, is to fit together in a comprehensive way scattered contributions that provide fragmented information to the readers. The collection of such contributions should be presented in a unified way; continuity of thought and logical sequence of the presentation of ideas and methods are essential. The reader should be able to follow through without having to resort to other references, something that is unavoidable in the case of a research paper or even a review paper. Many of the solutions discussed in the literature address specific practical problems. In fact, in the process of collecting information, I discovered independent lines of investigations, dealing with the same physical problem, but inspired by different practical applications. For example, I found that two groups of investigators have been studying independently the response of a viscous layer to a harmonic external disturbance. One group is con cerned with mass transport and the transport of sediment over the bottom of the ocean, and the other is interested in the aerodynamics of lifting surfaces in harmonically changing environments.
Many of the topics in inviscid fluid dynamics are not only vitally important mechanisms in everyday life but they are also readily observable without any need for instrumentation. It is therefore stimulating when the mathematics that emerges when these phenomena are modelled is novel and suggestive of alternative methodologies. This book provides senior undergraduates who are already familiar with inviscid fluid dynamics with some of the basic facts about the modelling and analysis of viscous flows. It clearly presents the salient physical ideas and the mathematical ramifications with exercises designed to be an integral part of the text. By showing the basic theoretical framework which has developed as a result of the study of viscous flows, the book should be ideal reading for students of applied mathematics who should then be able to delve further into the subject and be well placed to exploit mathematical ideas throughout the whole of applied science.
This unique book provides a unified and systematic account of internal, external and unsteady slow viscous flows, including the latest advances of the last decade, some of which are due to the author. The book shows how the method of eigenfunctions, in conjunction with least squares, can be used to solve problems of low Reynolds number flows, including three-dimensional internal and unsteady flows, which until recently were considered intractable. Although the methods used are quantitative, much stress is laid on understanding the qualitative nature of these intriguing flows. A secondary purpose of the book is to explain how the complex eigenfunction method can be used to solve problems in science and engineering.Although primarily aimed at graduate students, academics and research engineers in the areas of fluid mechanics and applied mathematics, care has been taken, through the use of numerous diagrams and much discussion, to explain to the non-specialist the qualitative features of these complex flows./a
This book closes the gap between standard undergraduate texts on fluid mechanics and monographical publications devoted to specific aspects of viscous fluid flows. Each chapter serves as an introduction to a special topic that will facilitate later application by readers in their research work.
Designed for higher level courses in viscous fluid flow, this text presents a comprehensive treatment of the subject. This revision retains the approach and organization for which the first edition has been highly regarded, while bringing the material completely up-to-date. It contains new information on the latest technological advances and includes many more applications, thoroughly updated problems and exercises.
This well-written book explains the theory of spectral methods and their application to the computation of viscous incompressible fluid flow, in clear and elementary terms. With many examples throughout, the work will be useful to those teaching at the graduate level, as well as to researchers working in the area.
Representing a unique approach to the study of fluid flows, Viscous Flows demonstrates the utility of theoretical concepts and solutions for interpreting and predicting fluid flow in practical applications. By critically comparing all relevant classes of theoretical solutions with experimental data and/or general numerical solutions, it focuses on the range of validity of theoretical expressions rather than on their intrinsic character. This book features extensive use of dimensional analysis on both models and variables, and extensive development of theoretically based correlating equations. The range of applicability of most theoretical solutions is shown to be quite limited; however, in combination they are demonstrated to be more reliable than purely empirical expressions, particularly in novel applications.
Finite Element Methods for Viscous Incompressible Flows examines mathematical aspects of finite element methods for the approximate solution of incompressible flow problems. The principal goal is to present some of the important mathematical results that are relevant to practical computations. In so doing, useful algorithms are also discussed. Although rigorous results are stated, no detailed proofs are supplied; rather, the intention is to present these results so that they can serve as a guide for the selection and, in certain respects, the implementation of algorithms.