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"La inseguridad es un nuevo fantasma que ronda América Latina. La percepción ciudadana de impunidad, inseguridad y práctico abandono por parte del Estado inunda a una ciudadanía que recurre a la seguridad privada, a los mecanismos de justicia por la propia mano y a los discursos cada vez más autoritarios que buscan castigo para aquellos que violan la ley. Los gobiernos, en muchos casos, se encuentran con instituciones como la policía y la justicia atravesados por la corrupción, infiltrados por la apatía e incluso maltratados por la sociedad a la que deben servir. De esta forma el contexto no es el más adecuado para la inclusión del tema en el debate de las políticas públicas que, diseñadas e implementadas al margen del debate electoral, definan con claridad sus objetivos y metas. Por el contrario, la seguridad se ha convertido en el principal tema de debate electoral, para culpar a los gobiernos o proponer iniciativas cada vez más castigadoras que evidencian una lectura especial sobre lo que quiere la población. Si bien las encuestas de opinión demuestran la preocupación por la inseguridad y en especial la búsqueda de una mano más dura por parte del Estado, las mismas fuentes de información muestran que las múltiples raíces de los fenómenos de violencia son claramente identificadas por la sociedad. Es decir, hay un claro camino para proponer y definir iniciativas de largo aliento, en las que, en colaboración con los gobiernos locales y la ciudadanía en general, se conviertan en elementos claves para el diseño e implementación de iniciativas de política" (4ème de couv.).
En este libro presenta una revisión de la situación de inseguridad y violencia que se desarrolla en las ciudades de América Latina, así como una revisión de las políticas públicas de seguridad y las acciones institucionales emprendidas por los gobiernos locales para superar los problemas de inseguridad en las dieciocho ciudades del continente que se han tomado como referentes en la investigación. No es el interés de la obra cuestionar la eficacia o no de las políticas y de su implementación, sino, más bien, revisar las posibilidades que estas ofrecen como prácticas de aprendizaje y enseñanza útiles para la disminución de la violencia y el tratamiento de la delincuencia común y organizada, en la ruta de la formulación de políticas públicas de seguridad ciudadana cada vez más eficientes.
The Americas face many security challenges, including drug trafficking, organized crime, guerrilla movements, terrorism, and environmental challenges. Experts have long debated whether some countries in the region can be classified as failed states. While various states in the Americas have been labeled as failed states, calling a country a failed state is quite controversial and requires a precise definition of what constitutes a failed state. This book instead discusses fragile states in the Americas. Fragile states are weak states that are fertile grounds for organized crime groups and illegal actors as such groups are able to infiltrate the state apparatus through corruption. The goal of this book is to examine fragile states in the region and the major security challenges that these states face. The cause of state fragility is different for various states. Theoretically, the work will conceptualize the meaning of fragility as it relates to state survival and autonomy. Empirically, the book focuses on contemporary threats to the survival of fragile states in the Americas. The book explains and analyzes the main political, security, and economic challenges of these states. It employs a wide array of cases that delve into the security and economic threats and priorities of states in the Americas.
Why are Latin American cities amongst the most violent in the world? Over the past decades Latin America has not only become the most urbanised of the regions of the so-called global South, it has also been the scene of the urbanisation of poverty and exclusion. Overall regional homicides rates are the highest in the world, a fact closely related to the spread and use of firearms by male youths, who are frequently involved in local and translocal forms of organised crime. In response, governments and law enforcements agencies have been facing mounting pressure to address violence through repressive strategies, which in turn has led to a number of consequences: law enforcement is often based on excessive violence and the victimisation of entire marginal populations. Thus, the dynamics of violence have generated a widespread perception of insecurity and fear. Featuring much original fieldwork across a broad array of case studies, this cutting edge volume focuses on questions not only of crime, insecurity and violence but also of Latin American cities’ ability to respond to these problems in creative and productive ways.
This volume on penitentiary systems in the Americas offers a long-overdue look at the prisons that exist at the forefront of the ongoing struggle against drugs and violence throughout North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean. From Haiti to Bolivia, the authors examine the conditions in these systems, and allow several common themes to emerge, including the alarming prevalence of lengthy pre-trial detention and the often abysmal living conditions in these institutions. Taken together, this comprises the first comparative overview of the use and abuse of prisons in the Americas.
The events of September 11, 2001, combined with a pattern of increased crime and violence in the 1980s and mid-1990s in the Americas, has crystallized the need to reform government policies and police procedures to combat these threats. Public Security and Police Reform in the Americas examines the problems of security and how they are addressed in Latin America and the United States. Bailey and Dammert detail the wide variation in police tactics and efforts by individual nations to assess their effectiveness and ethical accountability. Policies on this issue can take the form of authoritarianism, which threatens the democratic process itself, or can, instead, work to "demilitarize" the police force. Bailey and Dammert argue that although attempts to apply generic models such as the successful "zero tolerance" created in the United States to the emerging democracies of Latin America—where institutional and economic instabilities exist—may be inappropriate, it is both possible and profitable to consider these issues from a common framework across national boundaries. Public Security and Police Reform in the Americas lays the foundation for a greater understanding of policies between nations by examining their successes and failures and opens a dialogue about the common goal of public security.
Offers timely discussion by attorneys, government officials, policy analysts, and academics from the United States and Latin America of the responses of the state, civil society, and the international community to threats of violence and crime.
The most destructive force in the Americas today is not El NiÑo-it is the criminal enterprises that recognize no geographic, legal or moral boundaries. This book exposes the main characteristics and effects of criminal enterprises in the Americas and considers realistic strategies for combating them. Looking at how crime penetrates private business, government, and the everyday lives of the people, this collection examines the impact of criminal enterprises on the legitimate economy and the ability of states to promote the rule of law. It compares criminal enterprises in the Americas with other regions, and considers the foreign policy concerns of the US. With a recent upsurge in the scope, sophistication and cooperation among groups, this book is essential tool for understanding one of the greatest challenges to security, peace and democracy in the Americas.