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Norse Vikings went to areas such as Scotland and Ireland and their presence led to interaction with the native population. This interaction is known from written sources and is characterized by particular material expressions that can be seen in the archaeological record; such as settlements, burials and hoards. During the Viking Age silver hoards were buried in different places around Ireland. They contain combinations of arm-rings, ingots, hack-silver derived from arm-rings or ingots; and different types of coins. Artefacts such as neck-rings and brooches have also been found in hoards. The geographical distribution of hoards varies and the contents differ. The hoards have been studied in terms of chronology and artefact groups but few studies have examined all Viking Age silver hoards together. My aim is thus to discuss the geographical variation and varying contents of the silver hoards in relation to exchange networks and cultural identity in Viking Age Ireland, c. AD 800 to 1169/70.Many hoards have been found in association with settlements while others are non-site- specific. Hoards that have been found in association with settlements can be divided into three groups:1.Ecclesiastical sites (monasteries and church sites)2.Secular Irish sites (ring-forts and crannóga)3.Hiberno-Norse towns and trading settlementsThe hoards from the different contexts will be compared to examine whether there is a difference between the hoards found in Irish and Hiberno-Norse contexts and at the same time highlight the differences between secular and ecclesiastical Irish hoards.The contents and distribution of the hoards indicate that silver circulated between different sites in Viking Age Ireland: which and what types of sites seem to have been relevant to trade and exchange of silver? Relevant to this are the routes of communication involved. The main focus of the analysis will be economic. However, since there were two distinct ethnic groups present in Ireland in the Viking Age, I am also interested in the social context of the silver artefacts and the exchange of these. The trade in and subsequent use and/or deposition of silver artefacts were elements in the cultural relationship between these to groups.Keywords:Viking Treasure Hoarders AbroadHoardsIrish Viking Age silver hoardsHiberno-Norse townsTreasuresGold and silverAD 800 to 1169/70.Hiberno-Norse towns and trading settlementshoards as archaeological source materialtheories of exchange, cultural identity and fragmentationPrevious research on silver hoardsIrish-Norse relationsIRISH VIKING AGE SILVER HOARDSWith illustrationsDyflinarskirihinterland of DublinManufacture of silver artefactsCategorizing the materialGraham-Campbelldivides the hoards into coinless and coin hoards, the former being hoards with non-numismatic material only. The latter denotes hoards both with coins only and hoards with coins and non-numismatic material. This classification is also followed by Ó FloinnClass 1 hoards contain only complete ornamentsClass 2 contain only complete ingotsClass 3 hoards contain complete ornaments and ingotsClass 4 contain complete ornaments, ingots and hack-silverClass 5 hoards contain only hack-silverBrooch fragmentLoughcrew crannógThorNorseYear 800-1030ScandinaviaOdin thor oseberg shipScandinavia year 800-1030Viking ageOseberg queenHarald Bluetooth, Sweyn Forkbeard,Viking KingsDenmark and Norway SwedenEric BloodaxeFreydis EriksdottirBjorn IronsideHarald HardradaErik the RedIronsideLothbrok BonelessLeif EriksonNorseARCHAEOLOGICAL TEXTSOmega Viking Series
Matt Snader visits some controversial archaeological sites, some of which are attributed to Vikings.
A newly discovered material rewrites early Danish Viking history. In 2014 a 11-year-old girl, Maja Sielski, and her younger sister Julia, made a sensational discovery among their deceased grandmother's belongings. They found a small golden plate with a Latin script telling a story of the legendary Viking king Harald Bluetooth. It soon turned out that the golden plate was once placed in the king's tomb and this tomb contained world's largest known golden treasure of Viking-era. A transcript of a previously completely unknown chronicle, "Gesta Wulinensis ecclesiae pontificum" from the 990s has also been found. The manuscript was written by the king’s own priest Avico, probably in an attempt to canonize the king after his death in year 985. Avico has been in the service of the king since the 950s. His extensive account gives a remarkable and dramatic picture of the Viking age Scandinavia during the 10th century. Here is a story of the struggle for power and the foundation of the future dynasties in Denmark, Sweden and Norway as well as Viking raids in Ireland and England. The account also tells of the founding of the legendary Viking fortress of Jomsborg and the fortress’s powerful mercenaries. The book describes in detail these unique facts, but it also gives an overall picture of the Viking Age era for those who are not familiar with the subject. The Curmsun Disc The Curmsun Disc is a concave gold disc of a weight of 25.23 grams (0.890 oz) and a diameter of 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in). The Danish Viking king Harald Bluetooth and the name of the stronghold of Jomsborg is mentioned in the latin inscription on the disc. The disc was reportedly found as part of a Viking Age hoard discovered in 1841 in the cellar crypt of the ruined chapel at Groß-Weckow village in Pomerania. This location is just east of the bank of the river Dievenow and near the place where the semi-legendary Viking stronghold of Jomsborg stood between the 960's and 1043. According to the author the entrance to the crypt was accidentally discovered by a 12-year-old Heinrich Boldt (actor Ben Affleck's said-to-be maternal great-great grandfather), who was playing with some younger children at a construction site near the ruined chapel.
INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER • A bestselling dystopian novel that tackles surveillance, privacy and the frightening intrusions of technology in our lives—a “compulsively readable parable for the 21st century” (Vanity Fair). When Mae Holland is hired to work for the Circle, the world’s most powerful internet company, she feels she’s been given the opportunity of a lifetime. The Circle, run out of a sprawling California campus, links users’ personal emails, social media, banking, and purchasing with their universal operating system, resulting in one online identity and a new age of civility and transparency. As Mae tours the open-plan office spaces, the towering glass dining facilities, the cozy dorms for those who spend nights at work, she is thrilled with the company’s modernity and activity. There are parties that last through the night, there are famous musicians playing on the lawn, there are athletic activities and clubs and brunches, and even an aquarium of rare fish retrieved from the Marianas Trench by the CEO. Mae can’t believe her luck, her great fortune to work for the most influential company in the world—even as life beyond the campus grows distant, even as a strange encounter with a colleague leaves her shaken, even as her role at the Circle becomes increasingly public. What begins as the captivating story of one woman’s ambition and idealism soon becomes a heart-racing novel of suspense, raising questions about memory, history, privacy, democracy, and the limits of human knowledge.