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The vestibular labyrinth consists of ? ve compartments: the lateral, anterior, and posterior semicircular canals, the utricule, and the saccule. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Robert Bárány proposed the caloric test as a clinical test of the lateral semicircular canal. This test enabled clinicians to assess the individual lateral semicircular canal function easily by using the simple method of irrigating the external ear canal with cold or warm water and observing the induced nyst- mus. We believe that the caloric test was a breakthrough in the ? eld of vestibular research. However, as far as the other compartments were concerned, there was no simple clinical test equal to the caloric test for the lateral semicircular canal function. At the end of the twentieth century, the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test was proposed as a new method for assessing the individual saccule function. This test has some unique attributes. First, it uses sound stimulation, even though it is a test of the vestibular system. This appears to be a contradiction n- rophysiologically. As a result, in its early stages there were controversies conce- ing the origin of the responses. However, such controversies have been overcome by basic neurophysiological studies and clinical studies. Above all, sound sensit- ity of the saccular afferents shown in cats and guinea pigs with single-unit recording methods became the main supporting evidence. Nowadays, VEMP is one of the routine clinical tests for balance disorder.
This volume publishes the review articles presented by the invited speakers at the Satellite Meeting to the Barany Society Meeting held in Bologna, Italy during June 1987. The subject matter in this book is divided into seven main sections. The first three present basic neuroanatomical and neurophysiological aspects of vestibulospinal reflexes and document the neck afferent and visual influences on these reflexes. The following sections deal with the control of locomotion, posture, and eye-head-trunk coordination by vestibulospinal signals. The final section provides current knowledge on the processes underlying compensation of vestibulospinal deficits. An overall review precedes each main section so that the reader is informed as to which questions are still controversial and require further investigation. In this way a basis is provided for those needing a current account of the field of vestibulospinal reflexes. Due to the extensive length of the contents, only the number of articles presented per session is listed below.
Unique case-based guide to generating diagnostic possibilities based on the patients' symptoms. Invaluable for psychiatrists and neurologists.
The increasing pressure upon clinicians to see more and more patients generates great concern as to how to offer a comprehensive and thorough diagnostic approach and yet maintain efficiency. Neurologic Differential Diagnosis is the answer. Unlike other texts which are divided into disease entities, this book uses a case study approach to focus on the patients' symptoms. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific presenting symptom or sign and includes a comprehensive, yet succinct table of clinical features to aid clarification of the broad list of diagnostic possibilities. This allows the clinician to quickly reference specific symptoms such as dizziness, mental status change or diplopia; or signs such as foot drop or psychotic behavior, and then immediately generate diagnostic possibilities. Written from the authors' extensive clinical experience, Neurologic Differential Diagnosis is an invaluable text for neurologists and psychiatrists at all stages of training.
The second edition of this well-received text is at least 50% larger than its predecessor, with most of the additional pages devoted to clinical diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of common neuro-otologic disorders. Algorithms and tables guide the practitioner confronted with a patient complaining of dizziness or related symptoms. Newer tests are discussed, and the chapter on the evaluation of hearing has been significantly expanded. The highly praised sections on basic neurophysiology reflect the latest research. This edition features 87 new illustrations including tables, diagnostic charts, and MRI and CT scans.
This comprehensive compendium of current knowledge in the fields of otology/neurotology, rhinology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, paediatric otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery and bronchoesophagology features sections on facial plastic, reconstructive surgery and paediatrics. The content reflects the central responsibility of the otorhinolaryngologist in treating patients with diseases affecting the senses of smell, taste and balance. Also encompassed in this section are treatments for disorders of human communication affecting hearing, voice, speech and language.