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Nationwide surveys of departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and classification vendors/producers were conducted to determine the state of practice on equipment and methodologies used to determine truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The current Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) methodology was evaluated and it was found that it overestimated truck VMT for multi-unit trucks on all eight functional classes except on the minor urban arterials. The average overestimation was 11.5% and it varied from -10% to +44%. The current method overestimated truck VMT for single-unit trucks in five and underestimated in three functional classes. The under/over estimation ranged from -6% to +35%, but the average value was close to zero. To calculate truck VMT more accurately, this study proposed two different methods based on average truck percentage (ATP) and average section length (ASL). In the ATP method, truck VMT is calculated by multiplying the ATP for a group of roadway sections by the total VMT of that group. The ATP method should be used when the ATP and the total VMT by volume groups are available. In the ASL method, the total truck volume for the sampled sections is multiplied by the ASL. The ASL method should be used when the information required for ATP is not available or not reliable. Sample size influences the accuracy of truck VMT estimation and the decision on sample size must consider the error level that is acceptable. This study looked at the likely error for different sample sizes and recommended using 8% to 16% of the number of roadway sections. The sections should be distributed among the volume groups. Recently, IDOT collects vehicle classification data for three categories at about 10,000 sections, biennially. It is recommended to evaluate the truck VMT calculation using recent data.
This book gathers the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computational Science and Technology 2019 (ICCST2019), held in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, on 29–30 August 2019. The respective contributions offer practitioners and researchers a range of new computational techniques and solutions, identify emerging issues, and outline future research directions, while also showing them how to apply the latest large-scale, high-performance computational methods.
This two-volume set of LNCS 12509 and 12510 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2020, which was supposed to be held in San Diego, CA, USA in October 2020, took place virtually instead due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 118 papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 175 submissions. The papers are organized into the following topical sections: Part I: deep learning; segmentation; visualization; video analysis and event recognition; ST: computational bioimaging; applications; biometrics; motion and tracking; computer graphics; virtual reality; and ST: computer vision advances in geo-spatial applications and remote sensing Part II: object recognition/detection/categorization; 3D reconstruction; medical image analysis; vision for robotics; statistical pattern recognition; posters
Written by practising specialists who teach a highly regarded MSc course in environmental assessment and management, and by experts from a major environmental consultancy, Methods of environmental impact assessment is invaluable for: people who organize, review, and make decisions about EIA; environmental planners and managers; students taking first degrees in planning, ecology, geography, environmental studies and related subjects with an EIA content; and postgraduate students taking courses in EIA or environmental management.