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This book describes vector network analyzer measurements and uncertainty assessments, particularly in waveguide test-set environments, in order to establish their compatibility to the International System of Units (SI) for accurate and reliable characterization of communication networks. It proposes a fully analytical approach to measurement uncertainty evaluation, while also highlighting the interaction and the linear propagation of different uncertainty sources to compute the final uncertainties associated with the measurements. The book subsequently discusses the dimensional characterization of waveguide standards and the quality of the vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques. The book concludes with an in-depth description of the novel verification artefacts used to assess the performance of the VNAs. It offers a comprehensive reference guide for beginners to experts, in both academia and industry, whose work involves the field of network analysis, instrumentation and measurements.
This book offers the readers an opportunity to acquire the concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) enabled sub-THz systems for novel applications in the biomedical field. The readers will also be inspired to contextualize these applications for solving real life problems such as non-invasive glucose monitoring systems, cancer detection and dental imaging. The introductory section of this book focuses on existing technologies for radio frequency and infrared sensing in biomedical applications, and their limited use in sensing applications, as well as the advantages of using THz technology in this context. This is followed by a detailed comparative analysis of THz electronics technology and other conventional electro optic THz setups highlighting the superior efficiency, affordability and portability of electronics-based THz systems. The book also discusses electronic sub-THz measurement systems for different biomedical applications. The chapters elucidate two major applications where sub-THz provides an edge over existing state of the art techniques used for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose levels and intraoperative assessment of tumor margins. There is a detailed articulation of an application of leveraging machine learning for measurement systems for non-invasive glucose concentration measurement. This helps the reader relate to the output in a more user-friendly format and understand the possible use cases in a more lucid manner. The book is intended to help the reader learn how to build tissue phantoms and characterize them at sub-THz frequencies in order to test the measurement systems. Towards the end of the book, a brief introduction to system automation for biomedical imaging is provided as well for quick analysis of the data. The book will empower the reader to understand and appreciate the immense possibilities of using electronic THz systems in the biomedical field, creating gateways for fueling further research in this area.​
This book is a practical engineering guide to microwave material measurements for both laboratory and manufacturing/field environments, including nondestructive inspection (NDI) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE). The book covers proven methods for characterizing materials at microwave frequencies, including both resonant and wide-bandwidth techniques, and gives you the necessary theory and equations for implementing these methods. You’ll understand how to invert dielectric and/or magnetic material properties from free space transmission and reflection, and how to measure traveling wave attenuation. You’ll also know how to measure dielectric and/or magnetic material properties from transmission line fixtures, and learn how to use computational electromagnetic modeling with a measurement fixture. The book shows you how to build and use microwave NDE equipment for radomes and/or structural dielectric materials. This is an excellent resource for Engineers/scientists conducting or analyzing RF/Microwave/MMW material measurements for applications in electromagnetic materials, as well as those who are developing or applying microwave non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods to their manufacturing problems.
This innovative resource presents comprehensive and detailed information on wired and wireless seamless access systems consisting of various types of transmission media including microwave, millimeter-wave, THz wave, and lightwave in fibers. This book explains heterogenous networks consisting of various transmission media with many media converters. Applications of seamless access networks for public infrastructure such as airports, railways and information and communications systems are described. The book focuses on two important features of seamless access systems, including high-capacity transmission capacity limitation due to economics as well as physics, and low-latency transmission. Latency has significant impact on applications including financial transactions and online gaming. Low-latency data is very important for self-driving cars as well. This book presents the concept of sensor-over-fiber, where many antenna units are connected through optical fibers to gather sensor responses coherently. This book provides possible scenarios of future mobile networks which have many antenna units and opto-electric device technologies. Readers will learn about basic and state-of-the-art signal estimation techniques and concludes with exploration of social issues on future information and communication (ICT) infrastructure.
This book focuses on unhealthy cyber-physical systems. Consisting of 14 chapters, it discusses recognizing the beginning of the fault, diagnosing the appearance of the fault, and stopping the system or switching to a special control mode known as fault-tolerant control. Each chapter includes the background, motivation, quantitative development (equations), and case studies/illustration/tutorial (simulations, experiences, curves, tables, etc.). Readers can easily tailor the techniques presented to accommodate their ad hoc applications.
This book presents the select proceedings of the 7th National Conference on Advances in Metrology (AdMet 2021) organized by Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. The main theme of the conference was "Sensors and Advance Materials for Measurement and Quality Improvement". The book highlights and discusses the technological developments in the areas of sensor technology, measurement, advance material for industrial application, automation and quality control. This book is aimed for all the personnel engaged in conformity assessment, quality system management, calibration and testing in all sectors of industry. The book will be a valuable reference for metrologists, scientists, engineers, academicians and students from research institutes and industrial establishments to explore the future directions in the areas of sensors, advance materials, measurement and quality improvement.
The book covers the following areas: microwave measurement.
Results of measurements and conclusions derived from them constitute much of the technical information produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In July 1992 the Director of NIST appointed an Ad Hoc Committee on Uncertainty Statements and charged it with recommending a policy on this important topic. The Committee concluded that the CIPM approach could be used to provide quantitative expression of measurement that would satisfy NIST¿s customers¿ requirements. NIST initially published a Technical Note on this issue in Jan. 1993. This 1994 edition addresses the most important questions raised by recipients concerning some of the points it addressed and some it did not. Illustrations.
Provides practical information on microwave and wireless metrology, from typical metrology parameters to building your own measurement benches.