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Ce livre est une initiation aux approches modernes de l’optimisation mathématique de formes. Il s’appuie sur les seules connaissances de première année de Master de mathématiques, mais permet déjà d’aborder les questions ouvertes dans ce domaine en pleine effervescence. On y développe la méthodologie ainsi que les outils d’analyse mathématique et de géométrie nécessaires à l’étude des variations de domaines. On y trouve une étude systématique des questions géométriques associées à l’opérateur de Laplace, de la capacité classique, de la dérivation par rapport à une forme, ainsi qu’un FAQ sur les topologies usuelles sur les domaines et sur les propriétés géométriques des formes optimales avec ce qui se passe quand elles n’existent pas, le tout avec une importante bibliographie.
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine des mathématiques appelé Optimisation de forme. Plus spécifiquement, on s'est attaché aux difficultés liées à l'écriture des conditions d'optimalité, et à leurs utilisations. Les deux obstacles majeurs qui ont été analysés sont les suivants : gérer des formes dont on ne connaît pas a priori la régularité, gérer des contraintes géométriques fortes, c'est-à-dire qui ne permettent que très peu de variations pour écrire l'optimalité (par exemple la convexité). Les résultats obtenus sont décrits dans les quatre chapitres de cette thèse : le premier vise à établir un cadre de différentiation de forme valable pour des formes presque sans régularité a priori, le chapitre 2 s'attache à l'analyse des conditions d'optimalité sous contrainte de convexité, en dimension 2, et leurs applications à une classe de problèmes où les formes optimales sont nécessairement des polygones, le troisième chapitre se focalise sur deux problèmes classiques de l'optimisation de forme des valeurs propres du laplacien, qui montrent bien les deux types de difficultés évoquées ci-dessus. On y démontre des résultats de régularité, et aussi de non-régularité, des formes optimales pour ces problèmes ; on obtient des limites de régularité en C^{1,1/2} qui sont nouvelles et optimales, le dernier chapitre est motivé par la question des problèmes elliptiques partiellement surdéterminés, et on construit des contre-exemples liés à l'optimisation de forme.
Presents the latest groundbreaking theoretical foundation to shape optimization in a form accessible to mathematicians, scientists and engineers.
This book provides an introduction to the broad topic of the calculus of variations. It addresses the most natural questions on variational problems and the mathematical complexities they present. Beginning with the scientific modeling that motivates the subject, the book then tackles mathematical questions such as the existence and uniqueness of solutions, their characterization in terms of partial differential equations, and their regularity. It includes both classical and recent results on one-dimensional variational problems, as well as the adaptation to the multi-dimensional case. Here, convexity plays an important role in establishing semi-continuity results and connections with techniques from optimization, and convex duality is even used to produce regularity results. This is then followed by the more classical Hölder regularity theory for elliptic PDEs and some geometric variational problems on sets, including the isoperimetric inequality and the Steiner tree problem. The book concludes with a chapter on the limits of sequences of variational problems, expressed in terms of Γ-convergence. While primarily designed for master's-level and advanced courses, this textbook, based on its author's instructional experience, also offers original insights that may be of interest to PhD students and researchers. A foundational understanding of measure theory and functional analysis is required, but all the essential concepts are reiterated throughout the book using special memo-boxes.
rd This book constitutes a collection of extended versions of papers presented at the 23 IFIP TC7 Conference on System Modeling and Optimization, which was held in C- cow, Poland, on July 23–27, 2007. It contains 7 plenary and 22 contributed articles, the latter selected via a peer reviewing process. Most of the papers are concerned with optimization and optimal control. Some of them deal with practical issues, e. g. , p- formance-based design for seismic risk reduction, or evolutionary optimization in structural engineering. Many contributions concern optimization of infini- dimensional systems, ranging from a general overview of the variational analysis, through optimization and sensitivity analysis of PDE systems, to optimal control of neutral systems. A significant group of papers is devoted to shape analysis and opti- zation. Sufficient optimality conditions for ODE problems, and stochastic control methods applied to mathematical finance, are also investigated. The remaining papers are on mathematical programming, modeling, and information technology. The conference was the 23rd event in the series of such meetings biennially org- ized under the auspices of the Seventh Technical Committee “Systems Modeling and Optimization” of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP TC7).
Optimization problems subject to constraints governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) are among the most challenging problems in the context of industrial, economical and medical applications. Almost the entire range of problems in this field of research was studied and further explored as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) priority program 1253 on “Optimization with Partial Differential Equations” from 2006 to 2013. The investigations were motivated by the fascinating potential applications and challenging mathematical problems that arise in the field of PDE constrained optimization. New analytic and algorithmic paradigms have been developed, implemented and validated in the context of real-world applications. In this special volume, contributions from more than fifteen German universities combine the results of this interdisciplinary program with a focus on applied mathematics. The book is divided into five sections on “Constrained Optimization, Identification and Control”, “Shape and Topology Optimization”, “Adaptivity and Model Reduction”, “Discretization: Concepts and Analysis” and “Applications”. Peer-reviewed research articles present the most recent results in the field of PDE constrained optimization and control problems. Informative survey articles give an overview of topics that set sustainable trends for future research. This makes this special volume interesting not only for mathematicians, but also for engineers and for natural and medical scientists working on processes that can be modeled by PDEs.
The topological derivative is defined as the first term (correction) of the asymptotic expansion of a given shape functional with respect to a small parameter that measures the size of singular domain perturbations, such as holes, inclusions, defects, source-terms and cracks. Over the last decade, topological asymptotic analysis has become a broad, rich and fascinating research area from both theoretical and numerical standpoints. It has applications in many different fields such as shape and topology optimization, inverse problems, imaging processing and mechanical modeling including synthesis and/or optimal design of microstructures, fracture mechanics sensitivity analysis and damage evolution modeling. Since there is no monograph on the subject at present, the authors provide here the first account of the theory which combines classical sensitivity analysis in shape optimization with asymptotic analysis by means of compound asymptotic expansions for elliptic boundary value problems. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics and computational mechanics interested in any aspect of topological asymptotic analysis. In particular, it can be adopted as a textbook in advanced courses on the subject and shall be useful for readers interested on the mathematical aspects of topological asymptotic analysis as well as on applications of topological derivatives in computation mechanics.
This book presents papers surrounding the extensive discussions that took place from the ‘Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering’ workshop held at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture in 2015. Contributions to this volume focus on advanced mathematical methods in aerospace engineering and industrial engineering such as computational fluid dynamics methods, optimization methods in aerodynamics, optimum controls, dynamic systems, the theory of structures, space missions, flight mechanics, control theory, algebraic geometry for CAD applications, and variational methods and applications. Advanced graduate students, researchers, and professionals in mathematics and engineering will find this volume useful as it illustrates current collaborative research projects in applied mathematics and aerospace engineering.
These proceedings collect lectures given at ENUMATH 2005, the 6th European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain in July, 2005. Topics include applications such as fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, structural mechanics, interface problems, waves, finance, heat transfer, unbounded domains, numerical linear algebra, convection-diffusion, as well as methodologies such as a posteriori error estimates, discontinuous Galerkin methods, multiscale methods, optimization, and more.
This book on PDE Constrained Optimization contains contributions on the mathematical analysis and numerical solution of constrained optimal control and optimization problems where a partial differential equation (PDE) or a system of PDEs appears as an essential part of the constraints. The appropriate treatment of such problems requires a fundamental understanding of the subtle interplay between optimization in function spaces and numerical discretization techniques and relies on advanced methodologies from the theory of PDEs and numerical analysis as well as scientific computing. The contributions reflect the work of the European Science Foundation Networking Programme ’Optimization with PDEs’ (OPTPDE).