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How do firms like Hewlett-Packard, DuPont, Dow Chemical, IBM, and Texas Instruments routinely convert the ideas of their employees into profits that sustain the corporation? How can buyers and sellers calculate the assets of the acquired firm in a merger or acquisition? How can an organization affect the firm's stock price using the leverage of intellectual assets? Identifying a firm's assets, especially its intellectual assets-the proprietary knowledge expressed as a recipe, formula, trade secret, invention, program, or process-has become critical to a company's overall vision and strategic plan and essential in such transactions as stock offerings or mergers. In the era of the knowledge-based company, where the firm's genius and future lies in its ideas, a firm's collective know-how has become a measurable commodity-and as much a part of its bottom line as the condition of its cash investments, plant, and equipment. Extracting and measuring the real value of knowledge is essential for any corporate head who knows how high the stakes have become for corporate survival in the information age-where the innovative idea is as good as, if not better than, gold! Value-Driven Intellectual Capital is a corporate and financial executives' handbook to the new world of intangible assets-what they are and how to convert them into cash or strategic position. Written by one of the seminal thinkers in the field, and the key organizer of the ICM Gathering, a group of leading-edge knowledge-based companies, Value-Driven Intellectual Capital explains the new, boundary-expanding world of intellectual assets-where translating an innovative idea into bottom-line profits involves a tightly focused strategy with clear directives for making it happen. A blueprint for turning corporate knowledge, know-how, and intellectual property into a sustainable competitive weapon that will build a firm's reputation and market share, this practical, insightful book outlines: * Basic concepts underlying IC (intellectual capital) and corporate value creation * The linkage between IC, business strategy, and profits * The different kinds of value-including qualitative and quantitative -firms realize from their IC * Activities required to produce the value firms desire from their IC * Methods for calculating the dollar value of companies-for market capitalization and mergers or acquisitions * An economic model of an IC company The book's appendix is a valuable distillation for corporate and financial executives, managers, researchers, and analysts of IC's basic working concepts and definitions, including the principles underlying value creation and value extraction, the concepts and strategies used by successful companies, the sources of value for knowledge companies, and the mechanisms used to convert that value into real profits. And since it is managerial talent that turns intellectual property into business assets, the book provides an arsenal of key concepts, methods, and processes for aligning with and using intellectual property as an active element of a firm's business strategies. It concludes with a discussion of how value is extracted from human capital, focusing on its elusive magnetic core: creativity and productivity. In an era in which firms are increasingly accountable to shareholders and success is judged solely by stock price, knowing how to measure and extract the value of a firm's intellectual assets has become one of the most critical and essential skills needed by CEOs today. Reflecting the most innovative thinking from some of the most sophisticated firms in the world, Sullivan's Value-Driven Intellectual Capital is a manifesto, a clarion call to excellence for any corporate or financial executive, merger and acquisition partner or investor who understands how much future corporate survival and success depends on the simple enduring genius of a good idea and the need to convert those ideas into corporate value. Visit our Web site at: www.wiley.com/
Capitalize on Your Company's Intangible Assets... Leading Companies Show You How "Einstein in the Boardroom makes a great sequel to Edison in the Boardroom. Those readers who found the examples and war stories of Edison to be useful in their own IP-management activities will find the same qualities in Einstein. This resource will help anyone in the intangibles management community who seeks to go beyond intellectual property and understand and capitalize on the full range of a firm's intellectual capital." --Julie Davis, coauthor, Edison in the Boardroom "Harrison and Sullivan continue to elevate understanding of the value of intellectual assets and, more importantly, provide a 'clinic' on the practical steps necessary to turn theory into bottom-line results." --Jeff Weedman, Vice President, External Business Development The Procter & Gamble Company "Einstein in the Boardroom is a valuable guide for business managers considering how to leverage intangible assets for profit." --Joe Beyers, Vice President, Intellectual Property Licensing, Hewlett-Packard Company "Going deeper into value creation for companies, Einstein in the Boardroom describes new ways to extract value from 'I-stuff' on knowledge, a tremendous asset that is too rarely exploited and could be leveraged by all readers of this great book." --Beatrix de Russe, Executive Vice President, Licensing and Intellectual Property, Thomson "Einstein in the Boardroom is a must-read for CEOs, CFOs, and board chairs facing the financial governance issues of share price, wealth creation, and value realization. When today's financial management systems may only deal with 20 percent of the value of the firm, Harrison and Sullivan offer a look at what a company can do to successfully create and extract value from the 'other' 80 percent, and they show you how other companies have done it!" --Bill Swirsky, Vice President, Knowledge Development The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants "Identifying, managing, and leveraging knowledge and intangible assets has enabled Cargill to differentiate itself from its competitors and increase its profitability. Harrison and Sullivan provide a clear perspective on how intangible assets fit within the corporate landscape and how to manage them to increase value for the organization." --Harry J. Gwinnell, Vice President and Chief IP Counsel, Cargill
In a global competitive economic environment, resources that are scarce or irreplicable are a source of sustained competitive advantage for companies and organizations. Knowledge-based resources are a major and increasing driver of long term competitive advantage. Most accounting standards however do not allow for knowledge-based resource calculations, including the most important of these, intellectual capital. Intellectual capital is the collective knowledge, documented and otherwise, of individuals in an organization. In the absence of accounting standards to numerically evaluate intellectual capital, some institutions have devised their own reports and statements. But why should companies, universities, and research centers measure these resources? How are intellectual capital statements built? How does one set targets, and what indicators should they include? This book reviews the development of the field of intellectual capital reporting, including core concepts, latest developments, the main components of intellectual capital, how a statement is built, and key indicators of each component. It further analyzes experiences from a variety of pioneering companies and institutions around the globe in measuring intellectual capital, including case studies from educational and research institutions, and provides crucial transnational comparisons. Authors Ordóñez de Pablos and Edvinsson examine the challenges and next steps for the harmonization of intellectual capital reports, consider the creation of a special international agency for intellectual capital reporting standards, and evaluate the weaknesses of current standards and how they might be overcome.
It's easy to add up the obvious assets of a business: simply tally the value of the physical attributes like computers, real estate, inventory, vehicles, etc. But there is much more to a business, including patents, copyrights, trademarks and, above all, worker creativity and talent. Leif Edvinsson is the world's leading authority on intellectual capital-- those elusive assets that represent the skills and ideas of the people behind the products. As Director of Intellectual Capital at Skandia, one of Europe's most respected and forward-thinking financial firms, he has developed a method for quantifying, expanding, developing and managing these resources. Using case studies of Microsoft, IBM, Netscape, Cisco and Pixar, Leif Edvinsson and Michael S. Malone, a high-tech journalist and coauthor of the bestselling "The Virtual Corporation", explain how the most successful companies have discovered the benefits of utilizing, and the dangers of ignoring, intellectual capital.
Perspectives on Intellectual Capital bridges the disciplinary gaps and facilitates knowledge transfer across disciplines, featuring views on intellectual capital from the fields of accounting, strategy, marketing, human resource management, operations management, information systems, and economics. It also offers interdisciplinary views on intellectual capital from the perspectives of public policy, knowledge management and epistemology. By analyzing the various perspectives, Editor Bernard Marr is able to present a truly comprehensive understanding of what intellectual capital is, including the "state of the art" thinking about it in each discipline, the common key trends, and the trajectories for future developments, learning, and practice. Contributors include many of the leading thinkers in their respective disciplines: Mie Augier and David Teece on the Economic Perspective, Bernard Marr and Goran Roos on the Strategy Perspective, Baruch Lev, Leandro Canibano, and Bernard Marr on the Accounting Perspective; Sudi Sudarsanam, Ghulam Sorwar, and Bernard Marr on the Finance Perspective; Jan Mourtisen, Per Nikolaj Bukh, and Bernard Marr on the Reporting Perspective; Lisa Fernstrom on the Marketing Perspective; Ulf Johanson on the HR Perspective; L. Martin Clotier and E. Richard Gold on the Legal Perspective; Partick H. Sullivan on the Intellectual Property Perspective; Giovanni Schiuma, Antonio Lerro, and Daniela Carlucci on the Interfirm Perspective; Ahmed Bounfour and Leif Edvinsson on the Public Policy Perspective; J-C Spender and Bernard Marr on a Knowledge-Based Perspective; Goran Roos on An Epistemology Perpsective. Foreword by Robert Grant. Bernard Marr is a Research Fellow in the Centre for Business Performance at Cranfield School of Management, UK, and Visiting Professor, University of Basilicata, Italy.
This book provides an authoritative, inter-disciplinary, and up-to-date survey of relevant concepts, research areas, and applications of intellectual capital. Until now, the literature had lacked a comprehensive analysis of intellectual capital (IC) in regard to sustainability, block chain, and other related technologies and virtual environments. This book shows the importance of intellectual capital for contemporary organizations: how it contributes to theories of the firm, how it affects organizational performance, how is it linked with the organizational ambidexterity, how it connects to the technological developments like block chain and digital technologies, and what would be its association with sustainability. Central to our thesis is the systemic nature of intellectual capital in organizations: how intellectual capital interacts with and complements other organizational resources and developments. This book also shows as to how applying the notion of intellectual capital to organizations requires us to consider how intangible forms of capital differ from more traditional forms, implying the need for a theory of firm that accommodates a concept of dynamic, heterogeneous intellectual capital. Although a lot has been written on IC, this book proves to be the first with scholastic and action-oriented perspective on as to how a firm can manage its IC to create value. This book also demonstrates as to how the subjective aspects of IC can be measured and what can be their strategic implications. A discussion on IC disclosure also appears in the latter part of the book. In doing so, this book reveals as to how the value creation of today’s businesses is driven by the IC. This book also introduces the readers to the new application of IC and its association with the contemporary disruptive technologies. This is a book for IC researchers and academicians who want to understand the diverse aspects of IC, for business managers who want to be at the cutting edge, for those early in their careers who seek a challenging new path, and for the top-level managers of the world who have their eye on the future.
Over the past decade, knowledge assets and intellectual capital have been attracting an increasing amount of attention, not only from academics and CEOs, but also from national policy makers. To date, most studies of intellectual capital have focused at the organizational level, with an emphasis on explaining the role of “intangible assets” as a differentiator between accounting value and market value as a possible source of corporate competitive advantage. More recently, pioneers in the field, including the authors of this book, have begun to apply these methodologies to a broader scope, with the objective of comparing the intellectual capital indices at the national or regional level. As a result, an increasing number of world organizations and researchers are commissioned to investigate this future-oriented crucial national issue. Yet, the linkage between the value of intangible assets and how to quantify or benchmark it is still tenuous, not to mention easily misunderstood by a layman for guiding better decision making. With the belief that numbers talk and statistics hide valuable information, this book serves to present the authors’ research findings, covering 14 years (1995-2008) of intellectual capital information, comprised of human capital, market capital, process capital, renewal capital, and financial capital for 40 countries. The last three chapters go beyond analysis of current intellectual capital factors, and present practical tools for launching initiatives at the national level. The book will serve as an essential resource for researchers, policy makers, and business leaders concerned with issues of economic growth and competitiveness, innovation, and business creation.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Leadership and Human Resource Management - Miscellaneous, grade: 2,0, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: The development from the industrial society to an information and knowledge based society is mainly characterized by the evolution of information and knowledge based technologies and the possibilities to share and gain information within a globalized world. In order to create products and to provide services which are competitive in the market it can be assumed that the importance of obtaining competitive advantages, such as process or product based knowledge and protecting and open up new resources for innovation is permanently rising. In the last century labor has been only considered as an economic production factor in context with land and capital following the classical economic approach of Adam Smith. Today we have realized that a main source for innovation is based on a company's labor workforce also known as human resources. There is a scientific consensus that on average 80% of a company's market value is based on intangible assets and that knowledge is getting a strategic resource and a critical success factor for competitiveness.1 A straight trend of emerging business and knowledge networks which have an important impact on corporate success2 are supporting this aspect. That implies a distinct constraint for modern management to capture and evaluate information regarding intangible company assets in order to be able to operationalize actions to support the strategy. The fact that management decisions are taken based on information which is corresponding on 20% of the company value is unsatisfying and may lead into the wrong direction. There are several problems which occur if management decides to disclose these "hidden assets"3. Based on the individual company and its core business, assets have to be identified and evaluated in a proper way. Starting with the choic
Knowledge Capital: How Knowledge-Based Enterprises Really Get Built is an integrated, structured set of conversations with thought leaders and key practitioners in the fields of intellectual capital and knowledge management, who examine-in the form of conversations-the steps necessary for creating and implementing the various dimensions of a knowledge-based enterprise. These are the dimensions that need to be effectively addressed for the organization to successfully make the transition from an activity-based organization to a truly knowledge-based enterprise. The conversations that make up Knowledge Capital are not studies of theory separated from practice or practice without a strong theoretical base. Rather, they are the stories of how knowledge-based enterprises really get built, in the words of the people who built them. While every contributor begins from his or her own unique perspective and background, each moves toward a convergent understanding of the core elements, perspectives, and practices involved. These systemic conversations provide a body of knowledge and experience on how to craft and implement strategies, as well as the how values, learning, performance, relationships, innovation, and change play in the development of usable knowledge environment. These explorations, together, lead to a mapping of what are quickly becoming the foundations of the next stage of the field. Knowledge Capital gives the reader a readily accessible collection of insights and experiences essential for the new era in intellectual capital and knowledge management.