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To succeed, we must understand the United States is engaged in a generational and global struggle about ideas, not a war between the West and Islam. It is more than a war against the tactics of terrorism. We must think in terms of global networks, both government and non-government.If we continue to concentrate primarily on states ([i.e., ] 'getting it right' in Iraq, managing the next state conflict better), we will fail.Strategic defense communications require sophisticated methods that map perceptions and influence networks, identify priorities, formulate objectives, develop themes and messages, leverage new strategic and tactical dynamics and, ultimately, monitor success.STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION: A National Model makes the case for innovative visions in communications in this new strategic environment. This recently released study approaches the subject from every vantage point -- from leveraging the private sector to strategic communication direction, coordination, support, and execution. It also includes summary recommendations for managing information dissemination in the post-9/11 era.THE DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD SUMMER STUDY on the Transition to and from Hostilities was formed in early 2004 and culminated in the production of this final report and summary briefing in August 2004.
Leading the Narrative is a primer on the art and science of strategic communication. This book covers the foundation of communications strategies as well as solid tactics, techniques, and procedures for media relations, campaign planning, crisis communication and strategic communications planning. It is both a philosophy of communication and a solid practical reference manual. Like no other book on public relations, public diplomacy, or media operations and community outreach, it offers a compelling look at how all communication processes can be made to function more efficiently and with greater effectiveness. The ties are those of intention and purpose, both leading to meaningful and purpose-driven communication efforts, whether conducted by governments, organizations, or military units.
Since the symmetrical-global East-West conflict was decided in favor of the West, numerous asymmetrical conflicts have erupted around the globe. Jihadist terrorism has spread beyond the borders of the regions in which it had its origin and has reached a global dimension. Research and analysis of the root causes and underlying conditions, motivators and enablers of terrorism including the agitation propaganda of jihadist terrorists are vital to shaping appropriate countermeasures to the threat from Islamic terrorism. This paper looks at the jihadist use of strategic communication management techniques. The mass media and especially the Internet have become the key enablers and the main strategic communication assets for terrorists and have ensured them a favorable communication asymmetry.
"During the Cold War, the Air Force had a fairly easy time explaining its mission to the American public. It also had a coherent public affairs structure to help execute that mission. The new threat environment in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, combined with steep personnel cuts to its public affairs community, have dramatically altered the communication challenge for the Air Force. To effectively operate in this new climate with an emphasis on strategic communication, the Air Force has tinkered with a few organizational models to strengthen the communication function. The Air Force Research Institute (AFRI) asked the author to analyze Air Force communications and provide some lessons that might help the Air Force communicate with the nation. As the ground campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan drag on, perceptions of the Air Force contribution to those efforts and the larger global war on terrorism will play an increasing role in how it is understood by the American public as well as leaders in the Pentagon and Congress. Robinson concludes that the Air Force needs to redouble its communication efforts, abandon the vague theoretical construct of strategic communication, rebuild the public affairs community, and focus on better explaining the relevance of air power in current and future wars. This study examines the renewed interest in strategic communication on the part of the U.S. Government following 9/11, its implementation in the Air Force, an alternative model for armed service communication that has been implemented by U.S. Navy public affairs personnel, and recommendations to help the Air Force better tell its story. The monograph concludes that Air Force leaders should begin rebuilding the public affairs community, end the focus on strategic communication, understand that no amount of spin or messaging can fix real problems, and assume a more proactive posture in communicating with the American people."--Foreword.
This important work, edited by an expert on terrorism, focuses on the 21st-century struggle for strategic influence and ways in which states can neutralize the role of new media in spreading terrorist propaganda. In an era where anyone can have access to the Internet or other media forms that make widespread communication easy, terrorists and insurgents can spread their messages with complete freedom, creating challenges for national security. Influence Warfare: How Terrorists and Governments Fight to Shape Perceptions in a War of Ideas focuses on the core of the ongoing struggle for strategic influence and, particularly, how states can counter the role media and the Internet play in radicalizing new agents of terrorism. As the book makes clear, governments need to find ways to effectively confront non-state adversaries at all levels of the information domain and create an understanding of strategic communications within a broad range of technologies. The essays from the international group of authors who contributed to this work offer a deeper understanding of the ongoing struggle. Influence Warfare also provides a set of case studies that illustrate how the means and methods of strategic influence can impact a nation's security.
These collected essays apply human communication concepts and theories to the communication problems encountered by nations, communities, and individuals to move beyond critique of the failed U.S. communication campaigns and strategies in the war on terror.
America's image in the world is faltering. Why is this the case and how can the United States regain its once held position of popularity among the peoples of the world? Much of the answer to this question is the failure of the United States Government to effectively use strategic communication to inform and influence populations to recognize the value of American efforts around the world, to understand and support American foreign policy objectives in the War on Terror, and in the broader development of the global society in this young century. Today, America leads the fight against rogue states, international terrorists, and religious extremists who willingly slaughter innocent civilians in pursuit of political and cultural agendas. Unfortunately much of the world resents and fears the United States because they do not understand American objectives and receive a distorted and negative view of American actions through propaganda, manipulated news, and America's own tunnel-visioned overreliance on the military aspect of national power. This paper will review the current United States Government strategy for using strategic communication, will discuss the weaknesses and shortfalls of that strategy,and will recommend specific actions to strengthen the strategy and improve its effectiveness.
Throughout history and especially during contemporary times, presidential rhetoric sets the foreign policy tone not only for Congress but mainly for the American public. Consequently, US foreign policy is actively marketed and spun to the American public. This book describes the marketing strategy of the War on Terror and how that strategy compelled public opinion towards supporting the spread of the War on Terror from Afghanistan to Iraq. The author investigates how President George W. Bush's initial framing of the September 11th attacks provided the platform for the creation of long term public support for the War on Terror and established early public support for U.S. action in Iraq. Mining public opinion data and nearly 1500 presidential speeches over a four year period, the book argues that presidential framing of threats and losses, not gains, contributed to public support for war in Afghanistan, war in Iraq, and President Bush's successful reelection campaign. President Bush's initial framing of the terrorist threat was introduced immediately after the September 11th attacks and reinforced throughout the Afghanistan invasion. During this time period, presidential threat framing established the broad parameters for the War on Terror and enabled the president to successfully market a punitive war in Afghanistan. Second, the president marketed the strategy of preemptive war and led the country into the more costly war in Iraq by focusing on the potentially global threat of terrorism and the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. President Bush's previous war rhetoric was repackaged into a leaner, more focused format in which the Iraq war became part of the War on Terror, resulting in increased support for the president and a successful reelection campaign. Finally, the author examines the withdraw vs. surge in Iraq debate bringing the book up to date. The book shows the influencing potential of presidential spin and of risky foreign policy in the Middle East, and presents a systematic analysis of how a president effectively pursued a marketing strategy that continues to show an enduring ability to influence public support. Even two years after the Iraq invasion, 52% of Americans believed that the U.S. should stay in Iraq until it is stabilized. This finding bypasses agenda setting explanations, which prescribes issue salience amongst the public for only one year. The large speech database available with the study will also be an added benefit to scholars seeking to teach undergraduate and graduate level qualitative research methods.