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U.S. Antarctic Policy

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Oceans and International Environment

Published: 1975

Total Pages: 116


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Reviews U.S. interests in Antarctica prior to possible major revisions or even elimination in 1991 of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, under which the U.S. and other nations have quietly and peacefully pursued exploration and scientific research there. Examines Antarctica before the 1959 treaty, and then scrutinizes the operation of the treaty itself. Three major challenges to continued cooperation in Antarctica have arisen: modest discoveries of dwindling natural resources; certain nations, not signatories to the treaty, question the right of treaty members to control resource development; and disputes over territorial sovereignty remain to be resolved.
The Antarctic Treaty (1959) was adopted for the purpose of bringing peace and stability to Antarctica and to facilitate cooperation in scientific research conducted on and around the continent. It has now been over fifty years since the signing of the treaty, nevertheless security continues to drive and shape the laws and policy regime which governs the region. Antarctic Security in the Twenty-First Century: Legal and Policy Perspectives assess Antarctic security from multiple legal and policy perspectives. This book reviews the existing security construct in Antarctica, critically assesses its status in the early part of the Twenty-First century and considers how Antarctic security may be viewed in both the immediate and distant future. The book assesses emerging new security threats, including the impact of climate change and the issues arising from increased human traffic to Antarctica by scientists, tourists, and mariners. The authors call into question whether the existing Antarctic security construct framed around the Antarctic Treaty remains viable, or whether new Antarctic paradigms are necessary for the future governance of the region. The contributions to this volume engage with a security discourse which has expanded beyond the traditional military domain to include notions of security from the perspective of economics, the environment and bio-security. This book provides a contemporary and innovative approach to Antarctic issues which will be of interest to scholars of international law, international relations, security studies and political science as well as policy makers, lawyers and government officials with an interest in the region.
An examination of international governance of the Antarctic continent -- one of the few success stories of international cooperation -- as viewed through the lens of US politics.
With the negotiation of the International Protocol on Environmental Protection in 1991, those nations conducting scientific research programs in Antarctica face new challenges for stewardship of the southern continent and protection of its environment. Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic examines how the implementation of the 1991 agreement in the United States can be done in such a way to ensure the compatibility of scientific and environmental protection goals in this global laboratory. The book also addresses the potential for the new requirements both to benefit and harm research activities in Antarctica.