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Street children can be considered as one of the by-products of the urbanisation process in developing countries. These children are to struggle very hard for their survival on the streets in very highly competitive environments, otherwise they fall prey to the public or even to their own parents also. Their childhood is seized, they are abused and their labour is greatly exploited for the benefit of others. In this book an attempt has been made to present a holistic profile of the street children of a growing urban city of Eastern India. Especially the prime thrust of the book concentrates on the aspects, like motive behind coming over to urban bases, educational and occupational profile of their parents and their family size, category and shelter of the street children, educational and occupational pattern of the street children, expenditure and savings, occupational hazards, use of earnings of these children by their parents, nourishment and addictive behaviour, health and hygiene, educational choice and future perspectives, attitudes of the public toward the street children etc. Apart from all these, the book also speaks about the pre and post-independence legislations on these children, UN s convention on rights of the child and National Plan of Action, State Plan of Action, welfare agencies working for the betterment of these children etc. Contents: Introduction, Profile of Bhubaneswar City, Family Milieu, Socio-Economic Profile of the Street Children, Struggle for Survival The Problems of Street Children, Legislation, Welfare Programmes and the Street Children, A Recipe for Development of Street Children, Summary and Conclusion.
This brief studies the phenomenon of street children in two cities in Peru. It looks at some of the conceptual issues and, after analysing why children are in the street and what behaviour and which aspirations they exhibit, deals with the policy issues and lessons to be learned. This brief investigates when and why the transition from children on the street (street-working children) to children of the street (street living children) takes place and elucidates how they survive. It explains the fluidity and the risks involved in any type of child street life.
Lost Childhood explores the everyday lives of street children in India. It presents insights on their life on the streets to provide a comprehensive understanding of why they are driven to extreme means of livelihoods. This volume, · Inquiries into the histories of street children, and discusses their socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics to provide a sense of their living conditions; · Sheds light on the social injustice experienced by these children, their health and hygiene, and also looks at the insecurities faced by the children in their interactions with the society; · Uses detailed field research data to highlight issues that affect the lives of street children such as education, gender discrimination, and their social networks; · Suggests a way forward that would not only benefit street children but will also be of use to the community in understanding their lives, problems, and help explore this issue in further detail. The book will be useful to scholars and researchers of human geography, development studies, child development, urban poverty, and social justice. It will also be of interest to policymakers, social workers, and field workers who work with street children.
Governments have traditionally left the plight of street children and working children, who by some counts number over 100 million, to individuals and nongovernmental organizations, including many religious organizations. As a result, there are a multitude of small, uncoordinated, but highly effective projects throughout the world concentrated in urban areas. The 18 case studies presented illustrate the work carried out by these organizations and demonstrate how rehabilitation can be conducted working with and for children. Part 1, "Reinsertion through Education," looks at seven projects characterized by efforts to ensure the reinsertion of street and working children into their families or mainframe society through education. The four projects in part 2 rely on work rather than education in their efforts. Part 3 describes three projects that concentrate on improving the situation of children by teaching them to use the street environment and by capitalizing on their experiences and practical intelligence. Part 4 concentrates on the administration of projects for street children. The case studies are presented without commentary to form a collection of results and ideas to stimulate imagination and interest, particularly among those responsible for government policies. Valid solutions will come only from strong governmental commitment. (SLD)
The origins and development of the fascinating variety of continents, countries and communities of the world are the engrossing subjects of the present prize set of 17 Vols. in 34 Parts of the encyclopaedia. With marvelously lucid text and equally graphic illustrations, the writers and editors present a panoramic account of the splendid variety of the family of mankind, its numerous and varied habitations, its physical, human and economic geography of man and his activities, and the living dynamic relation that mankind had with fellow communities across land and sea as well as with the planet that sustains all of them. The World Encyclopaedia of Nations and Nationalities opens to students, teachers and general readers a vast and beautiful window onto the great as well as the little known customs, manners and cultures of the world, reveals the universal geographical features and singularities of all countries in the continents, the introduces in vivid detail the many kind of inhabitants that are found world-wide. Not only is this brilliantly conceived encyclopaedia the pride of many libraries across the world, but it is also regarded as an apt companion and complement to the earlier historic work of Darwin, namely, Origin of the Species. In its comprehensive sweep and vibrant treatment the present the present volumes of this encyclopaedia will be an essential part of all libraries.
Building on the success of their Global Street Design Guide, the National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO)-Global Designing Cities Initiative (GDCI) Streets for Kids program has developed child-focused design guidance to inspire leaders, inform practitioners, and empower communities around the world to consider their city from the eyes of a child. The guidance in Designing Streets for Kids captures international best practices, strategies, programs, and policies that cities around the world have used to design streets and public spaces that are safe and appealing to children from their earliest days. The guidance also highlights tactics for engaging children in the design process, an often-overlooked approach that can dramatically transform how streets are designed and used.
This paper reviews the specific actions which municipalities and city governments may take in contributing to urban poverty reduction. It highlights examples of issues, options, and constraints which urban government have to address in grappling with poverty and focuses on municipalities and other city-level government entities as a critical institutional level on intervention, particularly in addressing issues relating to service delivery. (Adapté du résumé des auteurs).
Urban authorities and organizations are responsible for providing the basic services that affect the lives of urban children. Cities for Children is intended to help them understand and respond to the rights and requirements of children and adolescents. It looks at the responsibilities that authorities face, and discusses practical measures for meeting their obligations in the context of limited resources and multiple demands. While the book emphasizes the challenges faced by local government, it also contains information that would be useful to any groups working to make urban areas better places for children. Cities for Children begins by introducing the concept, history and content of children's rights and the obligations they create for local authorities. The volume then goes on to look at a variety of contentious issues such as housing, community participation, working children, community health, education and juvenile justice. The final section of the book discusses the challenge of establishing systems of governance that can promote the economic security, social justice and environmental care essential for the realization of children's rights. It follows through the practical implications for the structure, policies and practices of local authorities. Written by the top experts in the field of children's issues, and including a resource section which lists publications and organizations that can provide further information and support, this volume is a must for all involved in planning for, and the protection of, children within the urban environment.