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With its unique features (presented in nine chapters grouped into five major parts), Automated Fare Collection System And Urban Public Transit: An Economic & Management Approach To Urban Transit Systems provides a wealth of resourceful information to everyone with interest in mass transit: Part I: Public Transportation, Urban Economy And Automation in Fare Collection Part II: Models of Transportation Pricing Part III: Transportation Research Methods And Models Part IV: Approaches And Trends in Urban Transit Ridership Part V: Epilogue In these parts of the book, Clifford N. Opurum reveals the impact of the automated fare collection system on mass transit and particularly, on the New York City rail rapid transit system. Various effective urban public transportation pricing techniques are presented. Transportation research methods and models including the alogit model and different approaches to transportation research analysis are featured. Alternative scenarios of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are used extensively along with other feasibility studies strategies to determine the economic and social benefits of the automated fare collection system. The author concludes that as in the case of other industrial sectors, the financial health of the transit industry is very much dependent upon the level of transit patronage, and that automation in fare collection has further encouraged the later. Furthermore, he added that automated fare collection (AFC) is preferred over the mechanical system of fare collection and will make positive impact on both transit ridership and revenue, if efficiently operated. Finally, he stressed that society would be better off financially if the benefits of automation in transit fare collection are fully utilized, and that automation in fare collection has indeed influenced the travel pattern of most mass transit patrons.
This report examines the experiences of eleven European countries (including Russia) and the United States in designing and implementing sustainable urban transport policies.
The purpose of this synthesis was to document the past and current experiences of public transit agencies that have planned, implemented, and operated fare-free transit systems. The report concentrates on public transit agencies that are either direct recipients or sub-recipients of federal transit grants and provide fare-free service to everyone in their service area on every mode they provide. The report will be of interest to transit managers and staffs, small urban and rural areas, university, and resort communities, as well as stakeholders and policy makers at all levels who would be interested in knowing the social benefits and macro impacts of providing affordable mobility through fare-free public transit. A review of the relevant literature was conducted for this effort. Reports provide statistics on changes in levels of ridership associated with fare-free service. White papers or agency reports identified by the topic panel or discovered through interviews with fare-free transit managers were also reviewed. Through topic panel input, Internet searches, listserv communications, and APTA and TRB sources, the first comprehensive listing of public transit agencies that provide fare-free service in the United States was identified. A selected survey of these identified public transit agencies yielded an 82% response rate (32/39). The report offers a look at policy and administrative issues through survey responses. Five case studies, achieved through interviews, represent the three types of communities that were found to be most likely to adopt a fare-free policy: rural and small urban, university dominated, and resort communities.
A study of efficiency and equity implications of flat fare systems using revenue, cost, trip making, and demographic data from transit operators serving the Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Diego areas.