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This classic monograph on unsteady transonic flow — the flow of air encountered at speeds at or near the speed of sound — is of continuing interest to students and professionals in aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, and other areas of applied mathematics. After a brief Introduction, Swedish physicist Mårten T. Landahl presents a chapter in which the two-dimensional solution is derived, succeeded by a discussion of its relation to the subsonic and supersonic solutions. Three chapters on low aspect ratio configurations follow, covering triangular wings and similar planforms with curved leading edges, rectangular wings, and cropped delta wings, and low aspect ratio wing-body combinations. The treatment concludes with a consideration of the experimental determination of air forces on oscillating wings at transonic speeds.
This volume complements Transonic aerodynamics (v.81 in the series) which is concerned with steady flow. This is the only book to address the subject of unsteady transonic aerodynamics, a field much different from steady aerodynamics. The most pronounced difference is the complex shock wave motions
Written to teach students the nature of transonic flow and its mathematical foundation, this book offers a much-needed introduction to transonic aerodynamics. The authors present a quantitative and qualitative assessment of subsonic, supersonic and transonic flow around bodies in two and three dimensions. The book reviews the governing equations and explores their applications and limitations as employed in modeling and computational fluid dynamics. Some concepts, such as shock and expansion theory, are examined from a numerical perspective. Others, including shock-boundary-layer interaction, are discussed from a qualitative point of view. The book includes 60 examples and more than 200 practice problems. The authors also offer analytical methods such as Method of Characteristics (MOC) that allow readers to practice with the subject matter. The result is a wealth of insight into transonic flow phenomena and their impact on aircraft design, including compressibility effects, shock and expansion waves, shock-boundary-layer interaction and aeroelasticity.
An analytical approach is presented to account for some of the nonlinear characteristics of the transonic flow equation for finite thickness wings undergoing harmonic oscillation at sonic flight speed in an inviscid, shock-free fluid. The thickness effect is accounted for in the analysis through use of the steady local Mach number distribution over the wing at its mean position by employing the local linearization concept and a coordinate transformation. Computed results are compared with that of the linearized theory and experiments. Based on the local linearization concept, an alternate formulation avoiding the limitations of the coordinate transformation method is presented.
Oscillatory pressures as well as total loads were obtained on a 70-degree delta-wing model undergoing sinusoidal pitch rotation in transonic flow. The mach number range was from 0.8 to 1.2, and the maximum reduced frequency (based on centerline half chord) achieved was 0.172. Corresponding pressures were computer using the kernel function method and the doublet/vortex lattice method at subsonic speeds, the sonic box method, and the supersonic mach box method. Both box methods produce point values of potentials that are fitted by surfaces tyo yeld pressures. Comparisomns of the measured and computer pressures show that, in general (and as expected), the computed pressures are higher than the measured values near the leading edge. Also, in general (but unexpected), the computed phase lags between motion of the surface and the pressures generated by the motion are lower than the measure values.
In this textbook, the author introduces the concept of unsteady aerodynamics and its underlying principles. He provides the readers with a full review of fundamental physics of the free and the forced unsteadines, the terminology and basic equations of aerodynamics ranging from incompressible flow to hypersonics. The book also covers the modern topics concerning the developments made during the last years, especially in relation to wing flappings for propulsion. The book is written for graduate and senior year undergraduate students in Aerodynamics, and it serves as a reference for experienced researchers. Each chapter includes ample examples, questions, problems and relevant references.